Active Metamaterials Terahertz Modulators and Detectors
This book covers the theoretical background and experimental methods for engineers and physicist to be able to design, fabricate and characterize terahertz devices using metamaterials. Devices utilize mainstream semiconductor foundry processes to make the
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tive Metamaterials Terahertz Modulators and Detectors
Active Metamaterials
Saroj Rout • Sameer Sonkusale
Active Metamaterials Terahertz Modulators and Detectors
123
Sameer Sonkusale Electrical and Computer Engineering Tufts University Medford, MA, USA
Saroj Rout Mixignal Innovations Nashua, NH, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-52218-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52219-7
ISBN 978-3-319-52219-7 (eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017930655 © Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
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Preface
Metamaterials, first known as left-handed materials (LHMs) or negative-index materials (NIMs), are artificially constructed effective materials using periodic structures that are a fraction of the wavelength of the incident electromagnetic wave, resulting in effective electric and magnetic properties (permittivity and permeability) that are unavailable in natural materials. The ability to design effective materials with deterministic electromagnetic properties makes them very attractive for terahertz applications since natural materials do not respond well to this frequency regime. Since the discovery and experimental demonstration of artificial material with negative permittivity and negative permeability by Sir Pendry et al. in 1996 and 1999, the research interest in metamaterials has significantly increased. In spite of the intense research activities in the last two decades, application of metamaterials to terahertz frequencies is a recent phenomenon. And, terahertz metamaterials embedded with active devices are even a smaller portion of this research landscape. Moreover, the transition fr
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