Acupuncture attenuates the development of diabetic peripheral neuralgia by regulating P2X4 expression and inflammation i
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The Journal of Physiological Sciences Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER
Acupuncture attenuates the development of diabetic peripheral neuralgia by regulating P2X4 expression and inflammation in rat spinal microglia He‑yong Tang1†, Fan‑jing Wang2†, Jun‑long Ma2†, Hao Wang2, Guo‑ming Shen1* and Ai‑juan Jiang2,3*
Abstract Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a chronic microvascular complication of diabetes. The purpose of this study is to find the underlying mechanism for the effects of acupuncture in DPN rats. Rats were rendered diabetic with a single injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). These STZ-diabetic rats were treated with acupuncture for 20 min once daily. The therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture was assessed using mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) evaluations. After 14 days treatment, acupuncture markedly reduced the patho‑ logical injury in STZ-diabetic rats. Moreover, it significantly down-regulated P2X4 and OX42 expression along with the reduced levels of inflammatory factors (CXCR3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), GSP and lipid metabolisms in the spinal cord of the DPN rats. Acupuncture could relieve DPN in rats by regulating P2X4 expression and inflammation in spinal microglia. Keywords: Acupuncture, Diabetic peripheral neuralgia, P2X4, Diabetic rat Background According to traditional Chinese medicine theory (TCMT), diabetes mellitus (DM) is referred to as Xiaokezheng [1]. It belongs to the categories of “arthromyodynia”, “numbness”, “unfeeling”, and “blood arthralgia”, described by excessive drinking, eating, and production of urine [2]. The main type of DM is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which patients often develop diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) [3]. DPN is defined as “the presence of symptoms and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after the exclusion *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † He-yong Tang, Fan-jing Wang and Jun-long Ma contributed equally to this work 1 Graduate School of Anhui, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China 2 School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No.1, Qianjiang Road, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
of other causes” [4]. It affects sensory, autonomic, and motor nerve functions [5]. The symptoms of DPN include nocturnal burning or shooting pains in the legs and feet, indicating impairment or damage to small nerve fibers [6]. In the recent years, incidence of DPN among all chronic complications of diabetes has been reported to be relatively high [7]. Pharmacological therapy is effective in improving the clinical symptoms of DPN, but it is also associated with considerable side effects in a longterm drug treatment [8]. Compared with western medicine, specifically with applied pharmacological therapies, TCM provides effective treatment options with relatively mild adverse effects [9, 10]. Therefore, the use of
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