Acute Kidney Injury
A sudden – minutes to days – deterioration of the kidney function characterized by a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting in acid–base, fluid and electrolyte disorders and accumulation of nitrogenous and other metabolic waste produc
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Acute Kidney Injury
5.1 Definition A sudden – minutes to days – deterioration of the kidney function, characterized by a rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting in acid–base, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and accumulation of nitrogenous and other metabolic waste products, defines acute renal failure (ARF) [1–6], now termed acute kidney injury (AKI) [1, 2, 5, 7, 8]. In 2004, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) inaugurated an integrative and uniform consensus definition of disorders of the renal function, the RIFLE criteria [9]. This definition is based on the common and widely used parameters serum creatinine level (SCre) and urinary output (uo) and has been intended to replace the more than 30 definitions of ARF which had been in use until then [10]. Furthermore, the RIFLE criteria classify the severity of renal dysfunction: RIFLE: criteria and classification [9] Stage Risk Injury Failure Loss ESKD
GFR criteria Increased SCre × 1.5 or GFR decrease > 25 % Increased SCre × 2 or GFR decrease > 50 % Increased SCre × 3 or GFR decrease > 75 % or SCre ≥ 4 mg/dl (Acute rise ≥ 0.5 mg/dl) Persistent AKI = complete loss of kidney function > 4 weeks End-stage kidney disease (>3 months)
Urine output criteria uo
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