Adaptive routing for mobile ad hoc networks
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RESEARCH
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Adaptive routing for mobile ad hoc networks Jeroen Hoebeke*, Ingrid Moerman and Piet Demeester
Abstract Developing efficient routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks remains a challenging task. It is well known that every protocol is capable of outperforming the others depending on the network context under which it is evaluated, since protocols only perform optimally under specific network contains due to their inability to adapt their behavior to the network context, which both varies in time and place. This article builds upon this observation to motivate and propose an adaptive multi-mode routing framework that has multiple compatible modes of operation. Based on this framework, an adaptive protocol has been implemented with the novel feature that individual nodes can adapt their mode of operation at any moment, while an overall consistent state of the routing tables is maintained. Through simulation, the correct behavior of the protocol during mode switches is demonstrated and it is shown that the protocol is capable of minimally offering the performance of either proactive or reactive routing, Its capabilities to dynamically switch, when intelligently applied, allow outperforming these protocols. This is illustrated for one specific application scenario where network conditions are dynamically monitored. Further, the article discusses some challenges encountered during the design and, since no monitoring solution has been developed, identifies existing solutions for monitoring and dissemination of network context are identified, offering directions for further research. Keywords: wireless ad hoc networks, routing, adaptive, simulation, multi-mode
1. Introduction During the past decade, advances in mobile computing and wireless communication technologies have led to wireless networks offering connectivity to mobile users. One important type of mobile wireless networks is an ad hoc network. Opposed to infrastructured wireless networks, where each user directly communicates with an access point or base station, a mobile ad hoc network or MANET does not rely on a fixed infrastructure for its operation. This type of network is suited for use in situations where a fixed infrastructure is not available, not trusted, too expensive, or unreliable. Possible scenarios include, but are not limited to: emergency and rescue operations, conference or campus setting, temporary headquarters or military operations. The network is an autonomous system that consists of mobile nodes communicating with each other over wireless links [1]. Nodes that lie within each other’s send range can communicate directly. In order to enable connections between nodes that are not directly within each other’s * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University - IBBT, Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Bus 201, 9050 Ghent, Belgium
send range, intermediate nodes act as routers that forward packets to the destination. Hence, routing is one of the primary functions; each node
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