Hierarchical Multicast Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Ad hoc network is a dynamic multi-hop wireless network that is established by a group of mobile nodes on a shared wireless channel. The plain flooding algorithm provokes a high number of unnecessary packet rebroadcasts, causing contention, packet collisio
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A. Shajin Nargunam is with Department of Computer Applications, N.I College of Engineering, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu, India [email protected] 2 M.P Sebastian is with Department of Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India [email protected]
Abstract. Ad hoc network is a dynamic multi-hop wireless network that is established by a group of mobile nodes on a shared wireless channel. The plain flooding algorithm provokes a high number of unnecessary packet rebroadcasts, causing contention, packet collisions and ultimately wasting precious limited bandwidth. Another barrier is that routing in ad hoc networks does not scale up as easily as in fixed network. Hierarchical techniques have long been known to afford scalability in networks. By introducing hierarchical routing scheme to ad hoc networks, we can effectively address this problem. Clustering provides a method to build and maintain hierarchical routing scheme in ad hoc networks. By summarizing topology detail via a hierarchical map of the network topology, network nodes are able to conserve memory and link resources. This paper proposes a fully distributed cluster based routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. Non-overlapping clusters are formed using the dynamic cluster creation algorithm. Packets are routed according to the routing information available with each gateway node. The mobility issues are also handled locally in this routing architecture. The proposed cluster maintenance algorithm dynamically adapts to the changes and hence the efficiency is not degraded by node mobility. In addition, our analysis shows that building clustered hierarchies is affordable and that clustering algorithms can also be used to enhance network quality of service. Keywords: Ad hoc Networks, Clustering, Mobility, Multicast Routing and Quality of Service.
1 Introduction In any complex distributed system of nodes, clustering of nodes into groups results in simplification of management and administration of the nodes and also gives up better performance since details about the remote nodes of the distributed system can be handled in a collective manner. Thus, obligation of a hierarchical organization is beneficial for the management of a complex system, and results in scalability of operations. The wired Internet, for example, cannot be managed without hierarchical S. Aluru et al. (Eds.): HiPC 2007, LNCS 4873, pp. 464–475, 2007. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007
Hierarchical Multicast Routing Scheme for Mobile Ad Hoc Network
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addressing and management. Essential services like routing are highly scalable owing to this hierarchical organization. In a dynamic mobile environment maintaining the accurate route information of all nodes in the network is impossible. Because the mobile nodes may leave the network boundary region or new mobile nodes may enter into the network boundary region over and over again. This requires O(ne) control messages to be sent, where n is the number of nodes and e is the number of links in the network. R
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