Adaptive virtual-inertia control and chicken swarm optimizer for frequency stability in power-grids penetrated by renewa
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Adaptive virtual-inertia control and chicken swarm optimizer for frequency stability in power-grids penetrated by renewable energy sources Ahmed M. Othman1,2 • Attia A. El-Fergany1 Received: 30 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this article, a control scheme based on chicken swarm optimizer (CSO) in cooperation with adaptive virtual-inertia control (AVIC) is investigated. The proposed control scheme aims at improving the frequency stability of an interconnected power system which is penetrated by renewable energy sources. The CSO is applied to produce the best values of the gains of the adapted standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and required parameters of AVICs. Various scenarios are addressed in this study such as applications of sudden step load disturbances and severe variations in the inertia of the system. In addition, realistic conditions such as uncertainties of tidal power source and random load disturbances are demonstrated. Compulsory assessments with subsequent discussions to evaluate the results of the CSO are made. The proposed CSO–AVIC based control method is verified by comparisons with well-matured interesting algorithms such as differential evolution and particle swarm optimizers. Various quality specifications of the dynamic responses and the demonstrated results indicate clearly the viability of the proposed CSO–AVIC based on control scheme. It can be emphasized that the utilization of AVIC along with PID controllers are significantly improved the system dynamic performances and their dynamic response specifications meet the terms of standard acceptable criteria’s. Keywords Frequency control Adaptive virtual-inertia control Optimization algorithms Renewable energy sources
1 Introduction The key factor of the load frequency controllers (LFCs) practice is to eliminate the frequency deviations, and accordingly, regulating the system frequency in the occurrence of sudden changes/disturbances with acceptable tolerances [1, 2]. It is well known that the stored energy in the rotor inertia of synchronous generating units (SGUs) has a significant share in maintaining the system stability during disturbances. In the same context, the voltage/frequency of the interconnected power systems (IPSs) are to be stabilized and well regulated. With & Attia A. El-Fergany [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electric Power and Machines, Zagazig University, Al Bahr Street, Zagazig 44519, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
2
Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, Canada
growing and fast development of renewable energy sources (RESs), this stored inertia energy is uncertain especially with high penetration scenarios [3]. The resultant inertia of the interconnected areas within a power-grid is considerably decreased which rising up the exposure of
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