Adequacy of calcium intake in Spanish population according age groups
- PDF / 631,832 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 85 Downloads / 157 Views
REVIEW
Adequacy of calcium intake in Spanish population according age groups Patricia Romero-Marco 1
&
Lucía Luisa Pérez-Gallardo 2
Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2020
Abstract Summary This review shows the estimated calcium intake in Spain in recent years. Our results indicate that adolescents and the elderly are at risk of insufficient calcium intake. By using the national and the European recommendations, this work contributes to map and compare population’s dietary calcium intake in the European countries. Purpose and Methods The present work aims to examine calcium intake in the healthy Spanish population of any age and analyze its adequacy to the calcium Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for different groups in Spanish population, as well to the Adequate Intake (AI) or Population Reference Intake (PRI) estimated by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Forty-three studies published in the last 5 years were eligible for review. Results and Conclusions The results show that infants and children exceed Spanish and EFSA dietary recommendations, adults meet more that 80% of the RDI and EFSA recommendations, and the estimated average calcium intake in the adolescent and elderly groups does not reach 75% of the recommended intake. Representative national studies with a common methodology to estimate calcium intake are needed. Keywords Calcium intake . Spain . Dietary recommended intake . EFSA recommended intake
Introduction Osteoporosis, fractures, and bone-related diseases represent one of the greatest health risks for individuals aged 50 years or more and are a major public health problem in Europe. In 2015, there were an estimated 20 million individuals with osteoporosis in the largest five EU countries and Sweden (EU6). Total fragility fractures in Spain are estimated to increase by 28.8% by 2030 [1]. There are modifiable risk factors associated with osteoporosis, most notably calcium intake. Peak bone mass is a strong determinant of osteoporosis risk in later life [2] and thus measures to improve childhood bone health to peak represent an important public health objective.
Calcium has long been known to be essential for the maintenance of good bone health at any age [1, 2]. The Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for calcium for different groups in Spanish population [3], as well the Adequate Intake (AI) or Population Reference Intake (PRI) estimated by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [4], was designed with the aim of promoting higher bone density and avoiding osteoporotic fractures. The estimation of calcium intake by age group has been referenced in different studies [5–7]. However, in recent years, there is no reference that has explored the adequacy of calcium intake in the Spanish general population. This narrative review aims to examine the literature on the average calcium intake of the general Spanish population. In addition, the findings on calcium intakes will be compared with Spanish and EFSA
Data Loading...
