Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a novel pathway for tissues repair
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MINI REVIEW
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: a novel pathway for tissues repair Yuan Fang . Yufang Zhang . Jianda Zhou . Ke Cao
Received: 9 November 2018 / Accepted: 4 March 2019 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The well-characterized curative effect of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells has been mainly attributed to their homing and subsequent differentiation for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are not only multipotent and plastic, but also abundant as they can be easily harvested with minimally invasive surgical techniques. This makes ADMSCs conducive for clinical applications. Recently, the secretory function of ADMSCs has been regarded as the primary mediator of MSC-based therapy. Exosomes are one kind of small cell extracellular membrane vesicles, which are primarily used to deliver cell-specific proteins, as well as nucleic acids secreted by various cell types. This review will
Jianda Zhou and Ke Cao have contributed equally to this work. Y. Fang J. Zhou (&) K. Cao (&) The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138.Tongzipo Road, 410013 Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] K. Cao e-mail: [email protected] Y. Fang e-mail: [email protected] Y. Zhang Anyang Tumor Hospital, No. 1 Huanbin North Road, 455000 Anyang, Henan, People’s Republic of China
introduce and characterize exosomes-derived ADMSCs (ADMSCs-Exo) and look at new therapies and prospective, including the limitations and outlook for therapeutic strategy. We will describe the latest research progress on myocardial repair, neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects, hepatic repair, renal repair, cutaneous repair, regeneration and other aspects using these cells. Keywords Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell Exosomes Tissues repair mechanism
Introduction Many diseases are accompanied by different degrees of tissue damage. There are many reasons for damage such as ischemia hypoxia, physical as well as chemical factors and so on. How best to effectively restore damaged tissue is key to the treatment of tissue damage. Many kinds of tissue repair methods using mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) have emerged. MSCs are stem cells with self-renewal abilities (Mendez-Ferrer et al. 2009) that can differentiate into varieties of cell types, like adipocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes (Dominici et al. 2006). The role of stem cells in tissue wound healing has also been confirmed (Kinoshita et al. 2015; Shin and Peterson 2013), but there are still many unanswered questions about cell source, low cell induction rate,
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survival rate after cell transplantation, surgical safety and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to find a better way to solve these problems. Currently, much attention has been paid to adiposederived MSCs (ADMSCs) which are not only their multipotent and plastic, but also their abundant as they
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