Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes
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Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes Xiaoli Qian 1 & Nan An 2 & Yifan Ren 2 & Chenxin Yang 2 & Xiaoling Zhang 3,4 & Lisha Li 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become important seed cells in therapy because of their immunosuppressive function and anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects through direct contact or paracrine action. The paracrine functions of MSCs are at least partially mediated by exosomes, which are membrane vesicles, carrying abundant proteins, nucleic acids and other active molecules. MSC-exos have heterogeneity. The exosomes from different donors, tissues generations of MSCs carry different bioactive molecules. These cargos are transferred to recipient cells by endocytosis or binding to proteins on the receptor surface to mediate intercellular communication between different cell types and affect the functions of the recipient cells. Exosomes play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exos) carry immunomodulatory effectors or transmit active signal molecules to regulate the biological activities of immune cells and thus mediating immune suppression, especially on macrophages and T cells. Mitochondria and autophagyrelated pathways are also associated with MSC-exos immunosuppressive effects. Keywords Mesenchymal stem cells . Exosomes . Immunosuppressive . Immune cells
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent adult stem cells with self-renewal, multi-potent differentiation functions which are isolated from various tissues [1]. MSCs are a heterogeneous fibroblast-like cell population. There is no single identification marker for MSCs, so the International Society
This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Exosomes and Microvesicles: from Stem Cell Biology to Translation in Human Diseases Guest Editor: Giovanni Camussi * Xiaoling Zhang [email protected] * Lisha Li [email protected] 1
The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
2
College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
3
Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
4
National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
for Cell & Gene Therapy established the minimal criteria to define MSCs. MSCs express CD105, CD73 and CD90, but not hematopoietic cells surface markers such as CD34, CD19, CD45, CD11a and HLA DR. Moreover, MSCs express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHCII), but not other classical stimulus molecules on cell surface, such as CD80, CD86 and CD40. Besides, they can differentiate into adipose cells, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes etc. However, the morphology, phenotype and differentiation ability of MSCs cultured i
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