Adsorption of lead ions on magnetically separable Fe 3 O 4 watermelon composite
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Adsorption of lead ions on magnetically separable Fe3O4 watermelon composite Kayode Adebowale1 · Abisola Egbedina1 · Blessed Shonde1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 / Published online: 26 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The search for green methods for the synthesis of eco-friendly and sustainable materials is the focus of many studies. In this paper, magnetite nanoparticles (WM-Fe3O4) were synthesized using watermelon rind as a stabilizing agent and their adsorption capacity for the removal of lead ions was evaluated. The synthesized WM-Fe3O4 was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption capacity and mechanism of WM-Fe3O4 for the removal of lead ions from water were evaluated. The adsorption isotherms data were well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showing the heterogeneous nature of the adsorbent. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model which confirmed the heterogeneity of the adsorbent and shows that adsorption followed chemisorption. Adsorption capacity was found to be 138 mg/g for lead. The initial solution pH had an influence on the adsorption. The removal efficiency decreased after pH 7. Effect of varying adsorbent mass indicates that a low dosage is required thereby favouring industrial scale up. The adsorption of lead ions was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction and polar interactions. This adsorbent has potentials for the efficient capture of heavy metals with possibilities for the future replacement of expensive adsorbents. Keywords Green synthesis · Magnetite · Watermelon rind · Adsorption · Sustainable · Nanoparticles
Introduction Heavy metal pollution is still a critical challenge in the field of environmental science. In a recent report, they have been classified as belonging to a group of contaminants referred to as emerging contaminants (Lodeiro et al. 2019). They are not biodegradable; generally immutable and therefore are persistent in the environment. They have the tendency to bioaccumulate into tissues of living organisms where they result in toxic effects (Abdus-Salam and Adekola 2018). Increasing industrialization has led to increase in the amounts of these pollutants entering into the environment from activities such as those of the textile, mining, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries. The search for economically feasible and environmentally sustainable methods for their removal from the environment has resulted in adsorption being the removal technique of * Abisola Egbedina [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
choice. Adsorption is a low-cost, highly efficient technology that does not result in the production of by-products that are even more toxic than the parent compounds. It is easy to operate, versatile and can be easily incorporated into current wastewater treatment technologies. Current researches are now geared to
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