Adsorption of Sudan-IV contained in oily wastewater on lipophilic activated carbons: kinetic and isotherm modelling
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Adsorption of Sudan-IV contained in oily wastewater on lipophilic activated carbons: kinetic and isotherm modelling Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta 1 & Adrián M. T. Silva 2 & Joaquim L. Faria 2 & Helder T. Gomes 1 Received: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Up to nine kinetic and fourteen isotherm adsorption models are employed to model the adsorption of Sudan IV, a lipophilic model pollutant present in a biphasic mixture of cyclohexane-water system to simulate oily wastewater. Six different modified activated carbons were used as adsorbents. The highest amount adsorbed of Sudan IV was found in the material prepared by successive treatments of the parent commercial activated carbon Norit ROX 0.8 with nitric acid and urea, followed by thermal treatment at 800 °C under continuous flow of nitrogen. Kinetic and isotherm adsorption models can be employed to simulate the process, since the effect of the presence of water in the adsorption of Sudan IV from the cyclohexane phase was found to be negligible, owing to the high lipophilic character of both adsorbent and adsorbate. All kinetic and isotherm coefficients, coupling with statistical parameters (r2, adjusted r2 and sum of squared errors), are determined by non-linear regression fitting and compared to literature data. The model of Avrami is found to be the most appropriate model to represent the adsorption of the pollutant in any of the six modified carbons tested, the highest value of the kinetic constant being 0.055 min−1. The isotherm adsorption is wellmodelled by using the general isotherm equation of Tóth and the multilayer Jovanović expression for the adsorption of Sudan-IV on that material, resulting in a high monolayer uptake capacity (qm = 193.6 mg g−1). Keywords Triphasic adsorption . Lipophilic pollutant . Activated carbon . Modelling . Denitrification . Oil purification
Introduction Nowadays, oil industry, oil refining, oil storage, transportation and petrochemical industries generate large volume of water containing insoluble liquid organic compounds, resulting in oily wastewater (Abousnina et al. 2014; Al-Futaisi et al. 2007; Chen and He 2003; Machín-Ramírez et al. 2008; Yu et al. 2017). In the Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08473-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
2
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
production of oil or natural gas, the produced water is the largest by-product and the effluent may reach oil-to-water volume ratio of 1:3 (Abousnina et al. 2014). In
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