Dye removal by activated carbon produced from Agave americana fibers: stochastic isotherm and fractal kinetic studies
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SELECTED CASE STUDIES ON THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MEDITERRANEAN AND SURROUNDING REGIONS
Dye removal by activated carbon produced from Agave americana fibers: stochastic isotherm and fractal kinetic studies Taher Selmi 1
&
Ghizlane Enaime 2 & Aïda Kesraoui 1 & Abdelaziz Baçaoui 2 & Mongi Seffen 1
Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present work investigates the use of Agave americana fibers (AGF) as a precursor for activated carbon (AC) preparation via chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and the study of the influence of the preparation conditions on the adsorption capacity of the prepared AC toward Alpacide Yellow (AY). The preparation experiments have been conducted at different impregnation ratios: acid/AGF (20 g/1 g, 30 g/1 g, and 40 g/1 g) with varied impregnation times (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h) and at different carbonization temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C). The impregnation ratio of 40 g/1 g, the impregnation time of 6 h, and the carbonization temperature of 400 °C were selected as the optimal conditions for the preparation of AC with enhanced properties. Despite its low specific surface area (25 m2/g), the prepared AC showed a higher adsorption capacity toward AY (5.71 mg/g) as compared with that of the commercial activated carbon (CC) (5.27 mg/g) which showed a higher specific surface area (825 m2/g). This could be due to the existence of pores and functional groups on the surface of AC, as evidenced by the analysis results of FTIR, DSC, and SEM. The adsorption process was found fast and fractal since it followed the kinetic model of the Brouers-Sotolongo fractal (BSf) (R2 = 0.999), while the mathematical modeling of the adsorption isotherm of AY on the synthesized AC was stochastic since it followed the General Brouers-Sotolongo (GBS) (R2 = 0.999). Keywords Agave americana fibers . Chemical activation . Activated carbon . Alpacide yellow dye . Fractal adsorption kinetic . Stochastic adsorption isotherm
Introduction Activated carbon (AC) is a carbonaceous material characterized by its large specific surface area. It is used in many fields such as air purification (Choi et al. 2016), drinking and wastewater treatment (Enaime et al. 2017; Selmi et al. 2018b), and storage of gas (Sethia and Sayari 2016). In addition, AC is used in many industries such as textile (Kacan 2016) and
Responsible editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr * Taher Selmi [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Energy and Materials (LabEM), Higher School of Sciences and Technology of Hammam Sousse, Sousse University, BP 4011 Hammam Sousse, Tunisia
2
Laboratory of Applied Chemistry (LCA), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, B. P. 2390, Marrakech, Morocco
chemical (Diaz et al. 2016) industries and also for the purification of pharmaceutical products (Li et al. 2015). AC production from coal is an old process (Mahmoudi et al. 2012); however, its application is limited due to its high cost. Lignocellulosic biomass as
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