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Springer-V erlag Wien GmbH

Univ. -Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Gemot Beer Institut fur Baustatik, Technische Universităt Graz, Graz, Austria

This work is sponsored by Fonds zur Fărderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, Wien

This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopyingmachines or similar means, and storage in data banks. Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for ali the information contained in this book. This does also refer to information about drug dosage and application thereof. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. © 2003 Springer-Verlag Wien Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2003 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2003

Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN: 10913369 With numerous, partly coloured Figures

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ISBN 978-3-7091-7221-6 ISBN 978-3-7091-6099-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-6099-2

Preface

For many years the Austrian tunneling industry has demanded that research is urgently required to establish a theoretical basis for the New Austrian TUnneling Method and to assist site engineers in the often difficult day to day decisions. In particular it was felt that numerical models need to be improved considerably in order to be able to act as useful tools in predicting soil/rock mass behavior during tunneling. The required improvement not only refers to the quality of the models but also to their ease of use. As long as an experienced modeler is required to spend days in preparing the input and in interpreting the results the models will not be useful at the tunnel site. It is heartening therefore that a group of scientists in Austria has come together to attempt to tackle this challenging task. The initiative has been supported in a number of ways by the Austrian tunneling industry. All Austrian companies associated with tunneling sent representatives to the management advisory board, which ensured that the research carried out in the project, was of benefit to the industry. The Austrian Geomechanics Society sponsored the project with a considerable amount, which was mainly used to cover site costs. HL-AG and OSAG, as well as the joint ventures allowed access to tunnel sites thereby making it possible to test new developments. I believe that the Austrian tunneling community can be happy with the outcome of the research initiative and this can be seen as a start in the right direction. I believe that the results reported here are significant. There are several examples where new findings are applied already in practice. This