Advances and constraints in somatic embryogenesis of Araucaria angustifolia, Acca sellowiana, and Bactris gasipaes
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REVIEW
Advances and constraints in somatic embryogenesis of Araucaria angustifolia, Acca sellowiana, and Bactris gasipaes Valdir Marcos Stefenon1,2 · Joseph Francis Ree3 · Marcos Vinicius Marques Pinheiro1 · Daniela Goeten1 · Neusa Steiner1 · Miguel Pedro Guerra1,4 Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a useful biotechnological tool to promote the conservation of plant genetic resources. Araucaria angustifolia, Acca sellowiana, and Bactris gasipaes are forest species with recognized ecological, cultural, and economic importance in the subtropical Atlantic Forest and the tropical Amazon Forest. SE protocols have been studied for these three species for more than 30 years. Despite the advances obtained during this time, some drawbacks remain. Here we reviewed and discussed the advancements and continuing constraints in the SE of these species, pointing out the more successful procedures. Further, we highlight several of the most pressing issues remaining in the SE protocols for each species. Further development of these protocols will aid in the conservation of these three species. Key Message Advances and drawbacks of the SE in three forest species of the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon Forest are discussed. Perspectives for overpassing the main shortcomings are presented. Keywords In vitro propagation · Paraná-pine · Peach palm · Pineapple guava · Plant tissue culture
Introduction
Communicated by M. Paula Watt. * Miguel Pedro Guerra [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Plant Developmental Physiology and Plant Genetics, Graduate Program in Plant Genetic Resources, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianópolis, SC 88040‑900, Brazil
2
Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of the Pampa, BR290 Road, km 423, São Gabriel, RS 97307‑020, Brazil
3
San Diego Zoo Global and Center for Plant Conservation, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027‑7000, USA
4
Graduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Curitibanos Campus, Ulysses Gaboardi Road, Km 3, Curitibanos, SC 89520‑000, Brazil
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), one of the most versatile tools in plant biotechnology, may be used to clonally propagate an individual plant at relatively low cost (Etienne 2005) and under aseptic conditions away from predators or pathogens. Under the right conditions, a single cell may reprogram itself from its original specialization to an embryogenic state (Fehér et al. 2016). This totipotent cell must then reenter the cell cycle and develop into embryos, which must then further develop into a mature embryo (Verdeil et al. 2007). In this way, a large number of plants from hundreds of species have been propagated from all kinds of explants taken from valuable mother plants (Fehér 2019). Somatic embryos may be used to create synthetic seeds when coupled with encapsulation techniques (Singh et al. 2013), as well as for long-time germplas
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