Current status and future perspectives of somatic embryogenesis in Lilium
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REVIEW
Current status and future perspectives of somatic embryogenesis in Lilium Rui Yan1 · Yue Sun1 · Hongmei Sun1,2 Received: 10 May 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 15 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Lilies (Lilium spp.) are famous bulb flowers worldwide with high ornamental value. Somatic embryogenesis in plants, which exhibits the advantages of universal occurrence, genetic stability, and suitability as an exogenous gene transfer receptor system, is vital to bulb propagation, germplasm preservation, genetic trait improvement and polyploid breeding in Lilium. This review systematically summarizes the current research progress on Lilium somatic embryogenesis and provides information on the influencing factors, procedures, and physiological and molecular mechanisms of somatic embryogenesis; the applications and prospects of somatic embryogenesis in the lily industry; and the difficulties associated with Lilium somatic embryogenesis. This review aims to provide comprehensive and valuable information for future research on somatic embryogenesis in Lilium. Key message This review provides the first report on the research progress in Lilium somatic embryogenesis. The review analyzes main factors affecting this developmental pathway, its physiological and molecular mechanisms, and its application in the lily industry and discusses the research difficulties and application prospects of somatic embryogenesis in Lilium. Keywords Lilium spp. · Plant regeneration · Somatic embryogenesis procedures · Mechanism of somatic embryogenesis Abbreviations SE Somatic embryogenesis PGRs Plant growth regulators tTCLs Transverse thin cell layers 2,4-d 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid NAA 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid 6-BA 6-Benzylaminopurine DIC Dicamba PIC Picloram TDZ Thidiazuron Communicated by M. I. Beruto. Rui Yan and Yue Sun contributed equally to this work. * Hongmei Sun [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang 110866, China
2
KT Kinetin MS Murashige and Skoog PAs Polyamines CKs Cytokinins
Introduction The genus Lilium includes more than 110 species distributed throughout the cold and temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, particularly East Asia and North America. Many ornamental cultivars and hybrids (such as the Oriental, LA, OT, Asiatic, LO, and Aurelian & Trumpet hybrids and L. longiflorum) are cultivated for their high ornamental value (Du et al. 2017). The largest production area of lily bulbs is located in the Netherlands. Nine other countries, particularly France, Chile, Japan, the United States and New Zealand, produce lilies for their bulbs, and half of these bulb-producing countries use bulbs for their own production of cut flowers. Countries such as the Netherlands, Fran
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