Advances in Bladder Research

The aim of Bladder Research Congress, San Francisco, California, April 23-25, 1998, was to provide a forum for authoritative investigators who are actively involved in the various disciplines which define the leading edges of bladder research. It is impor

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ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science DAVID KRTTCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute A B E L LAJTHA, N. S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan

Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 454 OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE X X Edited by Antal G. Hudetz and Duane F. Bruley Volume 455 RHEUMADERM: Current Issues in Rheumatology and Dermatology Edited by Carmel Mallia and Jouni Uitto Volume 456 RESOLVING THE ANTIBIOTIC PARADOX: Progress in Understanding Drug Resistance and Development of New Antibiotics Edited by Barry P. Rosen and Shahriar Mobashery Volume 457 DRUG RESISTANCE IN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA III Edited by G. J. L. Kaspers, R. Pieters, and A. J. P. Veerman Volume 458 ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY 5: New Directions for Clinical Application and Research Edited by John Mills, Paul A. Volberding, and Lawrence Corey Volume 459 IMPACT OF PROCESSING ON FOOD SAFETY Edited by Lauren S. Jackson, Mark G. Knize, and Jeffrey N . Morgan Volume 460 MELATONIN AFTER FOUR DECADES Edited by James Olcese Volume 461 CYTOKINES, STRESS, AND DEPRESSION Edited by Robert Dantzer, Emmanuele Wollman, and Raz Yirmiya Volume 462 ADVANCES IN BLADDER RESEARCH Edited by Laurence S. Baskin and Simon W. Hay ward Volume 463 ENZYMOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF CARBONYL METABOLISM 7 Edited by Henry Weiner, Edmund Maser, David W. Crabb, and Ronald Lindahl Volume 464 CHEMICALS VIA HIGHER PLANT BIOENGINEERLNG Edited by Fereidoon Shahidi, Paul Kolodziejczyk, John R. Whitaker, Agustin Lopez Munguia, and Glenn Fuller

A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.

ADVANCES IN BLADDER RESEARCH Edited by

Laurence S. Baskin and

Simon W. Hayward Department of Urology University of California, San Francisco

Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

Proceedings of the International Bladder Research Congress, held April 23-25, 1998, in San Francisco, California ISBN 978-1-4613-7147-2 ISBN 978-1-4615-4737-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-4737-2 ©1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint o f the hardcover 1st edition 1999

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

This book is dedicated to my parents, Fred and Cynthia Baskin

PREFACE

The aim of Bladder Research Congress, San Francisco, California, April 23-25, 1998, was to provide a forum for authoritative investigators who are actively involved in the various disciplines which define the leading edges of bladder research. It is important for such investigators to continue