Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies Proceedings of the Sec
Intelligent Decision Technologies (IDT) seeks an interchange of research on intelligent systems and intelligent technologies which enhance or improve decision making in industry, government and academia. The focus is interdisciplinary in nature, and inclu
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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 4 Editors-in-Chief Prof. Robert James Howlett KES International PO Box 2115 Shoreham-by-sea BN43 9AF UK E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Lakhmi C. Jain School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide, Mawson Lakes Campus South Australia SA 5095 Australia E-mail: [email protected]
Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage: springer.com Vol. 1. Toyoaki Nishida, Lakhmi C. Jain, and Colette Faucher (Eds.) Modeling Machine Emotions for Realizing Intelligence, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-12603-1 Vol. 2. George A. Tsihrintzis, Maria Virvou, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Multimedia Services in Intelligent Environments – Software Development Challenges and Solutions, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-13354-1 Vol. 3. George A. Tsihrintzis and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Multimedia Services in Intelligent Environments – Integrated Systems, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-13395-4 Vol. 4. Gloria Phillips-Wren, Lakhmi C. Jain, Kazumi Nakamatsu, and Robert J. Howlett (Eds.) Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies – Proceedings of the Second KES International Symposium IDT 2010, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-14615-2
Gloria Phillips-Wren, Lakhmi C. Jain, Kazumi Nakamatsu, and Robert J. Howlett (Eds.)
Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies Proceedings of the Second KES International Symposium IDT 2010
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Prof. Gloria Phillips-Wren
Prof. Kazumi Nakamatsu
Sellinger School of Business and Management Loyola University Maryland 4501 N.Charles Street Baltimore. MD 21210 USA Email: [email protected]
School of Human Science and Environment University of Hyogo 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092 Japan Email: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Lakhmi C. Jain School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide Mawson Lakes Campus South Australia SA 5095 Australia Email: [email protected]
Prof. Robert J. Howlett KES International P.O. Box 2115 Shoreham-by-Sea BN43 9AF UK Email: [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-14615-2
e-ISBN 978-3-642-14616-9
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-14616-9 Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies
ISSN 2190-3018
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930917 c 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the r
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