Intelligent Decision Technologies Proceedings of the 3rd Internation

Intelligent Decision Technologies (IDT) seeks an interchange of research on intelligent systems and intelligent technologies which enhance or improve decision making in industry, government and academia. The focus is interdisciplinary in nature, and inclu

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Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 10 Editors-in-Chief Prof. Robert J. Howlett KES International PO Box 2115 Shoreham-by-sea BN43 9AF UK E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Lakhmi C. Jain School of Electrical and Information Engineering University of South Australia Adelaide, Mawson Lakes Campus South Australia SA 5095 Australia E-mail: [email protected]

Further volumes of this series can be found on our homepage: springer.com Vol. 1. Toyoaki Nishida, Lakhmi C. Jain, and Colette Faucher (Eds.) Modeling Machine Emotions for Realizing Intelligence, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-12603-1 Vol. 2. George A. Tsihrintzis, Maria Virvou, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Multimedia Services in Intelligent Environments – Software Development Challenges and Solutions, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-13354-1 Vol. 3. George A. Tsihrintzis and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Multimedia Services in Intelligent Environments – Integrated Systems, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-13395-4 Vol. 4. Gloria Phillips-Wren, Lakhmi C. Jain, Kazumi Nakamatsu, and Robert J. Howlett (Eds.) Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies – Proceedings of the Second KES International Symposium IDT 2010, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-14615-2 Vol. 5. Robert J. Howlett (Ed.) Innovation through Knowledge Transfer, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-14593-3 Vol. 6. George A. Tsihrintzis, Ernesto Damiani, Maria Virvou, Robert J. Howlett, and Lakhmi C. Jain (Eds.) Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems and Services, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-14618-3 Vol. 7. Robert J. Howlett, Lakhmi C. Jain, and Shaun H. Lee (Eds.) Sustainability in Energy and Buildings, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-17386-8 Vol. 8. Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis and Jim Prentzas (Eds.) Combinations of Intelligent Methods and Applications, 2010 ISBN 978-3-642-19617-1 Vol. 9. Robert J. Howlett (Ed.) Innovation through Knowledge Transfer 2010, 2011 ISBN 978-3-642-20507-1 Vol. 10. Junzo Watada, Gloria Phillips-Wren, Lakhmi C. Jain, and Robert J. Howlett (Eds.) Intelligent Decision Technologies, 2011 ISBN 978-3-642-22193-4

Junzo Watada, Gloria Phillips-Wren, Lakhmi C. Jain, and Robert J. Howlett (Eds.)

Intelligent Decision Technologies Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Decision Technologies (IDT´ 2011)

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Prof. Junzo Watada

Prof. Lakhmi C. Jain

Waseda University Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems (IPS) 2-7 Hibikino Wakamatsuku, Fukuoka Kitakyushu 808-0135 Japan E-mail: [email protected]

University of South Australia School of Electrical and Information Engineering Mawson Lakes Campus Adelaide South Australia SA 5095 Australia E-mail: [email protected]

Prof. Gloria Phillips-Wren

Prof. Robert J. Howlett

Loyola University Maryland Sellinger School of Business and Management 4501 N Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21210 USA E-mail: [email protected]

KES International PO Box 2115 Shoreham-by-sea West Sussex BN43 9AF United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-642-22193-4

e-ISBN 978-3-642-22194-1

DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-22194-1 Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

ISSN 21