Aerial Contribution Towards the Mineralization of Upper Basin of Bhoj Wetland
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Aerial Contribution Towards the Mineralization of Upper Basin of Bhoj Wetland Ishaq Ahmad Shah • Ashwani Wanganeo
Received: 6 February 2012 / Revised: 23 July 2012 / Accepted: 3 August 2012 / Published online: 28 August 2012 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2012
Abstract Precipitation mediated aerial deposition of some biologically important nutrients across the upper basin of Bhoj wetland, having an open surface water area of around 36 km2, has been assessed during monsoon months of two consecutive years of the study period. Monsoon season of the first phase (July to August, 2006) of study documented relatively the maximum precipitation across the wetland with values ranging from 311.2 to 903.9 Lm-2 in July and August, respectively. On the other hand precipitation across the wetland during the monsoon season of second phase (July to August, 2007) of study varied from 206.6 to 415.8 Lm-2 with relatively minimum and maximum values obtained in August and July, respectively. The rain water remained alkaline throughout the study period. Calcium carbonate documented the maximum monsoon precipitation mediated atmospheric deposition of 2.82 9 103 to 6.76 9 103 g (first phase of study) and 1.93 9 103 to 3.06 9 103 g (second phase of study) across one square meter surface water area of wetland. Among ionic particulate substances calcium documented relatively maximum wet deposition across wetland unit surface water area with estimated values ranging from 1.85 9 103 to 5.37 9 103 g and 1.33 9 103 to 2.7 9 103 g during first and second phase of study, respectively. On the other hand phosphate phosphorus recorded relatively minimum wet deposition flux across wetland unit surface water area with estimated values ranging from 0.019 9 103 to 0.054 9 103 g and 0.012 9 103 to 0.025 9 103 g during first and second phase I. A. Shah (&) A. Wanganeo Department of Environmental Sciences and Limnology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] A. Wanganeo e-mail: [email protected]
of study, respectively. A measurable variation within season in the observed chemical substances of limnological importance in rain water and in their precipitation mediated influx across the wetland surface can be linked to natural changes in the surrounding environment influenced with some interventions from anthropogenic activities. Keywords Wetland
Wet deposition Cations and anions
Introduction Rain forms an important medium for transporting the gaseous as well as dissolved and particulate matter of inorganic substances from atmosphere to the surface of the earth and consequently to the inland water surface resources. Atmospheric deposition, resulting from rainfall has been identified as a significant non point source of nutrients to water surface either from direct deposition on water surface or from storm water runoff [1]. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions are externally supplied nutrients supporting eutrophication and algal b
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