Air Navigation Services
In this chapter, the principle elements of ANS in terms of infrastructures, organizations, and processes as well as the main technical principles of the systems used are introduced. These characteristics are required to complete the view on the ATS and to
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Air Navigation Services
Abstract In this chapter, the principle elements of ANS in terms of infrastructures, organizations, and processes as well as the main technical principles of the systems used are introduced. These characteristics are required to complete the view on the ATS and to show how ANSP is capable to fulfil its key responsibilities. First, the main organizational structures are introduced and then the set up of air space structures is discussed. In the third section, the most relevant navigation systems are presented with their general characteristics and features. The control and separation strategies are discussed in the fourth section, finally followed by a short introduction to navigation fees. The Air Navigation Services (ANS) are an essential part of the entire Air Transport System (ATS) where airport, airline and air navigation service provider (ANSP) are working close together as major stakeholders with different objectives and interests. Following the system engineering systematic and hierarchy as described in Chap. 1, the ANS is one substructure of the entire ATS. Because ATS has been used also as an abbreviation for Air Traffic Services (ATS) it has to be noted, that this abbreviation is used for Air Transport System in this book. The key responsibility of ANSP is to ensure seamless, safe and cost-efficient air transport flow of all aircraft on the airport and in the airspace. Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) are key technologies, which enable an efficient Air Traffic Management (ATM) among the stakeholders. However, only if the information about aircraft actual and predicted position is rationally processed and quickly distributed and shared among ANSP, airport and airline, better efficiency in terms of higher punctuality and infrastructural utilization as well as environmental indicators in terms of less emissions and lower noise impact can be achieved [1].
© Springer-Verlag Wien 2016 D. Schmitt and V. Gollnick, Air Transport System, DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-1880-1_9
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Air Navigation Services
Principles of Operation—The Role of the Air Navigation Services
The ANSP is the main stakeholder for ATM. It has to organize, monitor and control the air traffic in order to ensure safe and efficient flying. As public services they are governmental institutions, which are sometimes managed according to private law (e.g. German DFS, Swiss Sky Guide). Their responsibility covers the provision and operation of the ANS as described by Fig. 9.1, [2]. Looking at Fig. 9.1 acquisition and information handling in form of management can be identified as key driving technologies, which influence the future progress in ATM. Three technology areas are of crucial relevance: • Management and organization of information flow • Networked communication systems which allow worldwide exchange of information between aircraft and ground stations as well as among aircraft only • Systems to determine the position of aircraft either by onboard measurement or surveillance. For this purpose the ANSP
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