Air pollution characteristics, health risks, and source analysis in Shanxi Province, China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Air pollution characteristics, health risks, and source analysis in Shanxi Province, China Hui Song . Huimin Zhuo . Sanze Fu . Lijun Ren
Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract China is confronting an unprecedented air pollution problem. This study discussed the characteristics of air pollution and its risks on human health and conducted source analysis combined with local development in Shanxi Province in 2016 and 2017. Results demonstrated that the air pollution situation in Shanxi was deteriorating, with Taiyuan, Yangquan, Changzhi, Jincheng, Jinzhong, and Linfen being heavily polluted districts. Particulate matter (PM) was considered the major pollutant, but nitrogen dioxide and ozone showed a dominant trend recently. Furthermore, the health risks evaluated on the basis of a comprehensive air quality index (AAQI) and an aggregated risk index revealed a relatively high-risk level in Shanxi. Among the pollutants, the largest contributor was PM, followed by sulfur dioxide and ozone. Southern Shanxi had the largest pollution level and health risks, whereas Datong was the least polluted region. Source analysis suggested that the main driving forces of air pollution, besides natural factors, were urbanization, population size, civil
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00723-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Song H. Zhuo S. Fu L. Ren (&) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Province, 72# Binhai Road, Jimo 266235, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
vehicles, coal-based heavy industries, and high-energy consumption. Therefore, strengthening urban greening, vigorously adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure, and formulating a multi-domain cooperative control regime on air pollution, especially PM and ozone, should be promoted. Keywords Air pollution characteristics Health risks Source analysis Local development
Introduction With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization in China, air pollution has become a major environmental issue and drawn broad attention. The characteristics of air pollution have become evident since this developing country transitioned from coalburning to complex conditions (Aunan et al. 2018). Studies on air pollution have focused on spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, relationship between meteorological conditions, source apportioning, and influencing factors (Chai et al. 2014; He et al. 2016, 2017; Sun and Zhou 2017; Zhang et al. 2015; Zhou et al. 2017). However, information on the association between atmospheric pollution characteristics and local socioeconomic development is limited. Over 50 years, the relationship between air pollution and its corresponding human health effects has been a concern for the World Health Organization
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Environ Geochem Health
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