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Investigation and analysis of the Xiangning landslide in Shanxi Province, China B. Zhao1,2 · Y. Q. Zhao3 Received: 1 June 2019 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020

Abstract The Loess Plateau of China is the most concentrated and largest loess area on Earth. Shanxi Province lies in the eastern margin of the Loess Plateau and is one of the regions with the worst serious soil erosion and most fragile ecological environment in the world. On March 15, 2019, a landslide hit Xiangning County in Shanxi Province in northern China and resulted in heavy casualties. This paper mainly gives an introduction about the catastrophe, causes, and related emergency response. Keywords  Xiangning · Landslide · Casualties · Reflections

1 Introduction on the mountain landslide in Xiangning County At 18:10 local time on March 15, 2019, a landslide occurred in Zaoling Township of Xiangning County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province, China (110.65E, 35.8 N). The landslide occurred on a cliff 70  m high and lasted for approximately 2  min. This caused the local health center’s residential building for 6 households and a simple house to slip into the hillside. A residential building with 8 households of local rural credit cooperatives and a small bathing center collapsed and fell into the bottom of a ditch. The walls of an inpatient building of the health center sustained cracks. A second landslide transpired at approximately 20:00 on the same day. The cracked walls of the health center collapsed into a ravine. The latest Chinese news reports revealed that this event caused 20 deaths and 13 injuries. The landslide covered an area of approximately 125 m × 80 m with total volume of 73,000 m3. The collapsed disaster site was located at the top of a mountain and was adjacent to a deep ravine (Fig.  1). The displaced loess mass extended from an elevation of 870  m down to the valley bottom at an elevation of 800  m. Moreover, plastic steel roofs and building debris were scattered on the loess slope, and three-story residences shifted down dozens of meters, but their appearance remained relatively intact. Ruins caused by landslides * B. Zhao [email protected] 1

College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China

2

Shanxi Transportation Technology Research & Development Co., Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China

3

Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China



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Natural Hazards

Fig. 1  Landslide scene on March 15, 2019, at Xiangning County. The upper figure a shows the simulated locations of the relevant buildings before the landslide. The bottom figures b, c depict the damaged scenes after the landslide (sources: Baidu)

generally reach up to 30  m deep, with the maximum reaching 60  m. Thus, the Xiangning landslide is recognized as one of the most catastrophic events in the Loess Plateau of China in recent years. In this paper, we present the geological setting, characteristics and mechanical parameters, and failure mechanism