Airborne fungal phytopathological spore assessment in three European vineyards from different bioclimatic areas
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Airborne fungal phytopathological spore assessment in three European vineyards from different bioclimatic areas M. Martı´nez-Bracero . E. Gonza´lez-Ferna´ndez . M. Wo´jcik . P. Alca´zar . M. Ferna´ndez-Gonza´lez . I. Kasprzyk . F. J. Rodrı´guez-Rajo . C. Gala´n
Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The most common fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera are powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator (Schw.) Burr.), grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. and Curt.) Berk. and de Toni). Knowledge about the concentration of their spores in the atmosphere of the vineyard is important in order to ascertain the fungal load in the vineyard during the reproductive vine cycle. An aerobiological study was conducted in three vineyards across Europe: in North-Western Spain (Cenlle), South Spain (Montilla) and South-Eastern Poland (Rzeszo´w). During 2016, three Hirst-type spore traps sampled the airborne particles in each vineyard during the reproductive cycle of grapevine. The main goal of this study was the analysis and comparison of the spore concentrations in the three studied viticultural areas using different statistical tools. The most abundant spores in the vineyards M. Martı´nez-Bracero (&) P. Alca´zar C. Gala´n Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Co´rdoba, Celestino Mutis building 3rd floor, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Co´rdoba, Spain e-mail: [email protected] E. Gonza´lez-Ferna´ndez M. Ferna´ndez-Gonza´lez F. J. Rodrı´guez-Rajo Department of Plant Biology and soil Sciences, Sciences Faculty sn, CITACA, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain M. Wo´jcik I. Kasprzyk Department of Environmental Monitoring, University of Rzeszo´w, ul. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszo´w, Poland
atmosphere were Erysiphe necator. The highest fungal spore concentrations belonged to the North-western Spain zone, due to rainfall and temperature conditions were optimal for mould development in this area. In South Spain and South-eastern Poland, the daily spore peaks took place before than North Spain spore peaks. Average temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were the principal factors affecting the spore concentration in all zones. Redundancy Analysis showed high correlation between meteorological parameters and fungal spore concentrations. Keywords Europe
Fungal spores Vineyards Diseases
1 Introduction Grapevine is one of the most profitable agricultural crop in Europe (67.2% of the world wine production) (Eurostat 2019) that provides high economic yield (25,500 M€ in 2016) (FAO 2019) coming from less than 2% of European arable land (FAO 2019), making it a cost-effective crop in relation to the surfacebenefit. However, current management of European vineyards presents important associated agro-environmental problems, such as the high use of external inputs, especially pesticides against fungal diseases. In fact, 20% of pesticides applied in Europe were on vineyard
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