Three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbon derived from Ganoderma lucidum spore for high-performance electrochemical
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbon derived from Ganoderma lucidum spore for high-performance electrochemical capacitors Hongyan Wang 1 & Mingkun Zhao 1 & Mengru Li 1 & Qingguang Xiao 1 & Hongwei Shi 1 & Wei He 1 & Zhentao Bian 1 & Pinghua Zhang 1 & Guang Zhu 1 & Chong Chen 1 Received: 24 February 2020 / Revised: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 25 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, we demonstrate that pure three-dimensional honeycomb-like porous carbons (3D-HPC) can be prepared by one-step simultaneous carbonization and activation of Ganoderma lucidum spores (GLS) with KOH active agent. Benefiting from the specific natural morphology of GLS and uniform activation process, the obtained 3D-HPC exhibits pure honeycomb-like hierarchical structures. The obtained 3D-HPC-900 shows the honeycomb-like structures and a high density of narrow mesopores, leading to a high accessible surface area. Combined with high specific surface area of 1995 m2 g−1 and oxygen/nitrogen doping, 3D-HPC-900 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 224 F g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A g−1, an ultrahigh capacitance retention of 75.9% even the current density increased by 80 times, and an excellent cycling stability with 100% capacitance retention after 50,000 cycles. More importantly, the maximum energy density can reach up to 75.7 W h kg−1 at the power density of 1750 W kg−1 in ionic liquid. Meanwhile, the experimental results clearly reveal the exclusive effects of mesopores on improving the rate performance in electrochemical capacitors. Therefore, the work provides a clear method on preparation of high-valued honeycomb-like structured carbon materials to enhance the rate capability of carbon-based electrochemical capacitors. Keywords Honeycomb-like . Porous structure . KOH activation . Electrochemical capacitors
Introduction The uninterrupted intensive depletion of traditionally unsustainable resources (such as coal, petroleum) and their causing ecosystem and environmental problems, as well as the increasing demands from sustainable economic development, have stimulated tremendous study on new and environment friendly energy conversion and storage devices (such as Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03718-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Guang Zhu [email protected] * Chong Chen [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Spin Electron and Nanomaterials of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, People’s Republic of China
lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors) [1–3]. Compared with lithium-ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors with higher power densities and longer cycle life have been considered as the most promising candidates to accelerate the development and utilization of new and renewable energy resources. However, the energy density of electrochemical capacitors is relatively lower than that of
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