Albumin-Based Carriers for Systemic Delivery to Tackle Cancer
Proteins have been used to fabricate and design carriers for systemic drug delivery. One of the proteins that shows great potential for the applications in systemic delivery is albumin which is the most abundant plasma protein. This protein has been widel
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Albumin-Based Carriers for Systemic Delivery to Tackle Cancer Hossein Rahimi, Marziyeh Salehiabar, Soodabeh Davaran, Hossein Danafar, and Hamed Nosrati
Abstract Proteins have been used to fabricate and design carriers for systemic drug delivery. One of the proteins that shows great potential for the applications in systemic delivery is albumin which is the most abundant plasma protein. This protein has been widely used in nanotechnology-based treatments of many diseases as a promising drug carrier. Taking cancer, an age-associated disease, as an example, the use of albumin nanoparticles as a drug carrier overcomes some of the limitations of chemotherapy such as severe side effects, nonspecific targeting, insolubility in aqueous solutions, short-term retention in bloodstream, and damage to normal cells. There are three main modes for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs with albumin: (1) covalent conjugation of the drug to albumin (prodrugs), (2) non-covalent coupling of the drug to albumin, and (3) encapsulation of the drug into albumin nanoparticles. In this chapter, we will illustrate the use of albumin-based carriers in anti-aging medicine, particularly in cancer treatments. In particular, we will present an overview of studies examining the anticancer effects of natural and synthetic drugs loaded to albumin (in all three modes) and related challenges. Keywords Albumin · Protein · Drug carrier · Drug delivery · Prodrug · Chemotherapeutic drugs · Nanoparticle
H. Rahimi Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran M. Salehiabar · S. Davaran Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran H. Danafar (B) · H. Nosrati (B) Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran e-mail: [email protected] H. Nosrati e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 W.-F. Lai (ed.), Systemic Delivery Technologies in Anti-Aging Medicine: Methods and Applications, Healthy Ageing and Longevity 13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54490-4_9
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9.1 Introduction Drugs that entered the blood stream will be circulated bodywide and retained in the body for several hours. In the treatment of disorders like cancer, chemotherapeutic agents attack cancer cell as well as healthy ones and cause severe side effects. In addition, other challenges associated with chemotherapy include short retention time, low cellular uptake, nonspecific targeting, cytotoxicity, and drug resistance. A drug delivery system is therefore essential for overcoming these limitations. The emergence of nanotechnology has been provided potential solutions to these difficulties. The superiorities of drug nanocarriers include specific targeting, excellent dispersibility, enhanced cellular penetrability, and enhanced cellular uptake. A variety of nanoparticles have been used as drug delivery systems such as metals, metal oxides, proteins, etc. (Nosrati et al. 2019a; Sharm
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