All optical analog to digital convertor using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators
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All optical analog to digital convertor using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators Alireza Shamsi1 · Rasoul Moradi2 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper an all optical analog to digital convertor was proposed based on photonic crystals. Four nonlinear ring resonators were used for designing a nonlinear demultiplexer, which can produce discrete levels of optical intensities from the input analog signal. Then by creating suitable connections between the output channels and waveguides of the demultiplexer, the coding section was created and the final structure was realized. For the proposed structure the maximum delay time is about 4 ps. Keywords Photonic crystal · Analog to digital convertor · Kerr effect · Ring resonator
1 Introduction Optical networks and systems are the best candidates for replacing electronic based networks in order to improve the processing speed and band width (Dutton 1998). We can use the benefits of an optical network, if we have a pure optical network in which all the building blocks such as waveguides (Mirjalili et al. 2020a, b; Mirjalili and Mirjalili 2015, 2016), filters (Dideban et al. 2017; Moloudian et al. 2016; Rashki and Seyyed Mahdavi Chabok 2016; Taalbi et al. 2013; Tavousi et al. 2017; Ying et al. 2015; Youcef Mahmoud et al. 2012), demultiplexers (Abolhaasani-Kaleibar and Andalib 2018; Fallahi et al. 2017; Kannaiyan et al. 2017, 2018; Talebzadeh et al. 2016a, b, 2017a, b; Venkatachalam et al. 2017), logic elements (Derakhshan et al. 2018; Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban et al. 2019; Jandieri et al. 2018; Karimzadeh and Andalib 2018; Kumar et al. 2018; Ying et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2019), adders (Andalib 2018; Jalali and Andalib 2019; Jiang et al. 2015a, b; Rahmani and Mehdizadeh 2017; Serajmohammadi et al. 2018; Vali-Nasab et al. 2019), subtractors (Askarian et al. 2019a, b; Moradi 2019; Parandin et al. 2017), comparators (Fakouri-Farid and Andalib 2018; Kaur 2013; Serajmohammadi et al. 2019; Surendar et al. 2019; Wang * Rasoul Moradi [email protected] Alireza Shamsi [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical engineering, Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Electrical engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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et al. 2007; Zhu et al. 2019), decoders (Alipour-Banaei et al. 2016; Khosravi and Zavvari 2018; Mehdizadeh et al. 2018; Moniem 2015; Salimzadeh and Alipour-Banaei 2018a, b), encoders (Gholamnejad and Zavvari 2017; Mehdizadeh et al. 2017a; Seif-Dargahi 2018), and multiplexer (Zhao et al. 2019) to be totally optical devices. All of the aforementioned optical devices can be designed using photonic crystals (PhC) (Yablonovitch 1987). Photonic band gap (PBG) (Liu et al. 2015) feature of these structures help them in controlling the propagation of optical waves. Therefore it is possible to design
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