Ultracompact all-optical full adders using an interference effect based on 2D photonic crystal nanoring resonators
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Ultracompact all‑optical full adders using an interference effect based on 2D photonic crystal nanoring resonators Masoud Mohammadi1 · Vahid Fallahi1 · Mahmood Seifouri1 Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Given the special place of hybrid logic circuits such as all-optical full adders in next-generation digital systems, a new kind of these structures using two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (2D-PC) is designed and simulated herein. The proposed structure is made of a hexagonal nanoring resonator (NRR), a coupling rod, and several waveguides. In this all-optical full adder, the mechanism of the interference effect in the PCs is used to simplify and minimize the structure. To make the structure flexible, the radius of the dielectric rod in the whole structure and the NRR are considered based on a lattice constant of 0.2a and 0.04a, respectively. The structure is operated at a wavelength of 1550 nm, considering the value of the power entering the waveguides and that exiting the Carry and Sum ports. To analyze the all-optical full adder, the plane-wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method are applied respectively to calculate the bandgap diagram and obtain the transmission and propagation of the optical field. In the proposed structure, the contrast ratio at the Carry and is been investigated in a unique and novel way, yielding values of 10.68 and 9.03 dB, respectively. In addition, the maximum and minimum response time for the Carry and Sum are obtained as 1.6 and 0.75 ps, respectively. The total footprint of the structure is about 183 µm2. Due to its ultracompact size, low power consumption, fast response time, and simple structure, this all-optical full adder is suitable for use in low-power optical integrated circuits. Keywords Full adder · Photonic crystals · Contrast ratio · Response time · Finite-difference time-domain method
1 Introduction Advances resulting from new technologies and the high speed of light are important factors affecting the development of integrated optical devices. This approach will gradually result in the replacement of classical electronic systems by new-generation optical systems. Considering the importance of this issue, the rapid transfer, receipt, storage, and processing of information and most importantly all-optical logic computations using new-generation optical devices are the most important factors contributing to the realization of photonic integration technology and thus optical integrated * Mahmood Seifouri [email protected] Masoud Mohammadi [email protected] Vahid Fallahi [email protected] 1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
circuits (OICs) [1]. In this context, new photonic materials with micro–nanometer sizes such as graphene, plasmon, and photonic crystals (PC) [2–4], which offer unique capabilities including the modulation of photon emission and control modes, and the d
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