Introduction to Urban Air Pollution

Urban air quality is highly dynamic and it is largely controlled by micrometeorological conditions as well as anthropogeinic emissions. The unprecedented growth of urban centres, industries and vehicles population have resulted in serious air quality prob

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S. M. Shiva Nagendra Uwe Schlink Andrea Müller Mukesh Khare   Editors

Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment

Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering Editor-in-Chief T. G. Sitharam, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering (STICEE) publishes the latest developments in Civil and Environmental Engineering. The intent is to cover all the main branches of Civil and Environmental Engineering, both theoretical and applied, including, but not limited to: Structural Mechanics, Steel Structures, Concrete Structures, Reinforced Cement Concrete, Civil Engineering Materials, Soil Mechanics, Ground Improvement, Geotechnical Engineering, Foundation Engineering, Earthquake Engineering, Structural Health and Monitoring, Water Resources Engineering, Engineering Hydrology, Solid Waste Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Wastewater Management, Transportation Engineering, Sustainable Civil Infrastructure, Fluid Mechanics, Pavement Engineering, Soil Dynamics, Rock Mechanics, Timber Engineering, Hazardous Waste Disposal Instrumentation and Monitoring, Construction Management, Civil Engineering Construction, Surveying and GIS Strength of Materials (Mechanics of Materials), Environmental Geotechnics, Concrete Engineering, Timber Structures. Within the scopes of the series are monographs, professional books, graduate and undergraduate textbooks, edited volumes and handbooks devoted to the above subject areas.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13593

S. M. Shiva Nagendra Uwe Schlink Andrea Müller Mukesh Khare •





Editors

Urban Air Quality Monitoring, Modelling and Human Exposure Assessment

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Editors S. M. Shiva Nagendra Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Andrea Müller Molecular Systems Biology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Leipzig, Germany

Uwe Schlink Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ Leipzig, Germany Mukesh Khare Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, Delhi, India

ISSN 2363-7633 ISSN 2363-7641 (electronic) Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering ISBN 978-981-15-5510-7 ISBN 978-981-15-5511-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5511-4 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not i