Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Organs After Sepsis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Alpha-Lipoic Acid Attenuates Oxidative Damage in Organs After Sepsis Fabricia Petronilho,1,3 Drielly Florentino,1 Lucinéia Gainski Danielski,1 Luiz Carlos Vieira,1 Maryane Modolon Martins,1 Andriele Vieira,1 Sandra Bonfante,1 Mariana Pereira Goldim,1 and Francieli Vuolo2
Abstract—Sepsis progression is linked with the imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a powerful antioxidant, in organs of rats submitted to sepsis. Male Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) and treated with ALA or vehicle. After CLP (12 and 24 h), the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, protein and lipid oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzymes in the liver, kidney, heart, and lung were evaluated. ALA was effective in reducing MPO activity, lipid peroxidation in the liver, and protein carbonylation only in the kidney in 12 h after CLP. In 12 h, SOD activity increased in the kidney and CAT activity in the liver and kidney with ALA treatment. Thus, ALA was able to reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver and kidney after sepsis in rats. KEY WORDS: sepsis; alpha-lipoic acid; organ failure; oxidative damage.
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a complex syndrome characterized by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory response to pathogens [1]. Sepsis and severe sepsis (sepsis accompanied by acute organ dysfunction) are leading causes of death in the USA and the most common cause of death among critically ill patients in non-coronary intensive care units (ICU) [2]. The development of organ dysfunction is strongly correlated with increased mortality, and the more organs that fail, the higher the mortality [3]. 1
Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory—FICEXP, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil 2 Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory—FISIOPAT, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern of Santa Catarina, Criciuma, SC, Brazil 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology Laboratory—FICEXP, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina, Avenida José Acácio Moreira, 787, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
Renal and respiratory functions are the most likely organs involved in sepsis, contributing to worsening prognosis [4]. As many as a third of the patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia develop acute kidney injury [5]. The hepatic system is not as frequently affected as the kidneys and lungs, but septic patients who have liver involvement have a very high mortality [2]. Furthermore, clinical studies have recognized myocardial depression as a serious manifestation in ~40 % of septic patients, with mortality ranging from 70 to 90 % in contrast with 20 % in septic patients without cardiac dysfunction [6, 7]. Therefore, to redu
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