An Anti-Gray Hole Attack Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
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An Anti‑Gray Hole Attack Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Network Omid Moradipour1 · Mohammad Fathi2 Received: 25 November 2019 / Revised: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Dynamic variation of network topology in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) forces network nodes to work together and rely on each other for routing. Considering the lack of a central control node, some nodes appear maliciously and selectively drop the data packets instead of transmitting to the next hop node, which is known as the gray hole attack. In order to prevent and identify the gray hole attack, an intrusion detection system (IDS) is proposed on nodes to maintain network efficiency. In addition to establishing security, the proposed anti gray hole attack mechanism extracts abnormal differences between routing packets in the route discovery phase of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. It then assigns a suspicious value to each participating node and monitors the exchange of data packets between neighboring nodes in the data transfer phase using a data transmission information table. If the suspicious value reaches a predetermined threshold, IDS nodes send an alert message to other nodes about the identity of the malicious node, in order to prevent its activity on the network. Simulation results indicate that the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of packet delivery rate, packet loss rate, and routing overhead outperforms those in the literature. Keywords Mobile ad hoc network · AODV routing protocol · Gray hole attack · IDS node · Anti-gray hole attack mechanism
1 Introduction Regarding the advances in networks and communication technologies, there is a growing need for users to exchange information dynamically and rapidly more than before. Wireless networks have significantly been developed due to their broad range of applications as well as suitable services. The mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one of the ideal technologies for expanding wireless networks [1]. The lack of need to infrastructure, dynamic topology, wireless connections, and self-configuration are among the prominent features of the network, which are the reasons for its growing popularity and the selection of this type of network for important applications such as military operations, crisis management systems, automotive communications, * Omid Moradipour [email protected] 1
Department of Information Technology Engineering, College of Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2
business, and education [2, 3]. In this network, nodes are not aware of the network topology due to the dynamics and mobility; therefore, each unit must act not only as a host, but also as a router, and participate to discover and maintain routes connecting to other network nodes. Routing mechanisms impact highly on the network performance. MANET employs
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