Perspectives of Sybil Attack in Routing Protocols of Mobile Ad Hoc Network
It is cumbersome to achieve the security in a mobile ad hoc network due to its open nature, dynamically changing topology, lack of infrastructure and central management. A particular harmful attack that takes the advantage of these characteristics is the
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Abstract It is cumbersome to achieve the security in a mobile ad hoc network due to its open nature, dynamically changing topology, lack of infrastructure and central management. A particular harmful attack that takes the advantage of these characteristics is the Sybil attack, in which a malicious node illegitimately claims multiple identities. Two routing mechanisms vulnerable to the Sybil attack in the mobile ad hoc networks are multi-path routing and geographic routing. In addition to these routing protocols, we show in this paper that the Sybil attack can also disrupt the head selection mechanism of various cluster-based routing protocols such as lowest id, highest node degree and mobility based clustering. To achieve this, we illustrate to have introduced a category of Sybil attack in which the malicious node varies its transmission power to create a number of virtual illegitimate nodes called Sybil Nodes, for the purpose of communication with legitimate nodes of the MANETs. Keywords Mobile ad hoc network · Sybil attack · Malicious node · Sybil node · Network security · Routing protocol
1 Introduction Security is an important concern in the Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). However, the characteristics of MANETs pose both challenges and opportunities in achieving the security goals, such as confidentiality, authentication, integrity, M. Sood Department of Computer Science, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India A. Vasudeva (B) Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Information Technology, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] N. Chaki et al. (eds.), Computer Networks & Communications (NetCom), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 131, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6154-8_1, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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availability, access control and non-repudiation [1]. There are a wide variety of attacks that target the weakness of MANET routing protocols. Most sophisticated and subtle routing attacks have been identified in some recently published papers such as Blackhole [2], Rushing [3], wormhole [4] and Sybil attack [5] etc. A Sybil attack is an attack [5], in which a malicious node illegally claims multiple identities by impersonating other nodes or by claiming fictitious identities. Sybil attacks are also capable of disrupting the routing mechanisms in mobile ad hoc networks. Karlof and Wagner have shown in [6] that multi-path routing and geographical routing schemes are affected by this attack. In case of multi-path routing a set of supposedly disjoint paths can all be passing through the same malicious node, which is using several Sybil identities. Also in location based routing a malicious node can present multiple Sybil nodes with different positions to its neighbors. Therefore, a legitimate node may choose any of the Sybil nodes while forwarding the packet on the basis of nearest location to the destination node; but in reality it will be passing the p
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