An efficient and adaptable multimedia system for converting PAL to VGA in real-time video processing

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An efficient and adaptable multimedia system for converting PAL to VGA in real‑time video processing Deepak Kumar Jain1 · Sunil Jacob2 · Jafar Alzubi3 · Varun Menon4 Received: 2 February 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019

Abstract Real-time video processing has found its range of applications from defense to consumer electronics for surveillance, video conferencing, etc. With the advent of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), flexible real-time video processing systems which can meet hard real-time constraints are easily realized with short development time. Most of the existing solutions have high utilization of system resources and are not quite flexible with many applications. Here we propose a hardware–software co-design for an FPGA-based real-time video processing system to convert video in standard Phase Alternating Line (PAL) 576i format to standard video of Video Graphics Array (VGA)/Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) format with little utilization of resources. Switching between multiple video streams, character/text overlaying, and skin color detection are also incorporated with the system. The system is also adaptable for rugged applications. VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL) codes for the architecture were synthesized using Altera Quartus II and targeted for Altera Stratix I FPGA. Results achieved confirm that the proposed system performs efficient conversion with very less resource utilization compared to the existing solutions. Since the proposed system is also flexible, many other applications can be incorporated in the future. Keywords  FPGA · Hardware–software co-design · PAL · RTVPS · VGA/SVGA · VHDL

1 Introduction Nowadays digital information in the form of digital audio, images, and video has become an inevitable part of our daily lives. Real-time digital video has found numerous applications in various fields like video conferencing, surveillance, medical imaging, remote vehicle guidance systems, multimedia-based consumer electronics products, security systems, manufacturing, etc. Real-time video processing is a challenging task that requires substantial computations for * Deepak Kumar Jain [email protected] 1



Key Laboratory of Intelligent Air‑Ground Cooperative Control for Universities in Chongqing, College of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China

2



Center for Robotics, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Kerala 683576, India

3

School of Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan

4

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SCMS School of Engineering and Technology, Kerala 683576, India



huge data represented by images. Along with functionality, the real-time video processing system (RTVPS) must also be rugged enough to operate in all environmental conditions. Special attention should also be given in the hardware design to meet these requirements. Real-time image processing involves converting and altering