An emerging pest of radish, striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), from Northern India: incidence, diagn
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An emerging pest of radish, striped flea beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), from Northern India: incidence, diagnosis and molecular analysis S. S. Anooj & K. V. Raghavendra & P. R. Shashank & C. Nithya & H. R. Sardana & V. Vaibhav
Received: 23 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Severe incidence of striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in radish is being reported from Delhi National Capital Region and Haryana. The larvae and adult of this species were found to damage both roots and leaves of radish, respectively. Overall there was an average 63.02 percent leaf infestation and 53.96 percent root infestation in the radish fields surveyed, which was above the economic threshold level (25% infestation). Infestation was also observed on other cruciferous crops like turnip, mustard, cabbage and cauliflower in National Capital Region and Haryana. In the present study, we have furnished the species diagnosis, sexual dimorphism, nature of damage and illustrations of various stages of the pest. DNA barcoding was employed to confirm the species identity and molecular phylogenetic studies based on mt CO I sequences from across the world showed that there were two clusters; the Old World and the New World. The biology of the pest and the importance of studies on area specific population dynamics for formulating management strategies are discussed. Keywords Infestation . DNA barcoding . Molecular phylogenetics . mt CO I . Sexual dimorphism S. S. Anooj : P. R. Shashank (*) : C. Nithya Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, 110012 New Delhi, India e-mail: [email protected] K. V. Raghavendra : H. R. Sardana : V. Vaibhav ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India
Introduction Flea beetles belonging to the genus Phyllotreta Chevrolat, are important pests of many cruciferous crops globally. Worldwide a total of 250 species have been reported under the genus (Konstantinov and Vandenberg 1996) and the Indian region has about 12 species (Heikertinger and Csiki 1939, Scherer 1969 and Basu et al. 1981). The members of the genus are specialist feeders of plants belonging to Brassicaceae, Resedaceae, Cleomaceae, Limnanthaceae, Cappraceae, and Tropaeolaceae (Jolivet and Hawkewood 1995). The presence of glucosinoides makes Brassicaceae plants attractive for this group of insects (Pivnick et al. 1992; Hopkins et al. 2009). In many countries Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) and Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) are two predominant species which causes considerable yield loss in canola due to the adults feeding on the leaves and cotyledons. The adult stages of P. striolata is reported as a notorious pest attacking cruciferous crops in Taiwan (Lee et al. 2011) and Canada (Burgess 1977, Madder and Stemeroff 1988). Unfortunately, the species has developed resistance to insecticides in several countries including Taiwan (Feng et al. 2000). It is widely distributed in Europe and Asia
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