An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption
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An improved cluster formation process in wireless sensor network to decrease energy consumption Hamid Reza Farahzadi1 • Mostafa Langarizadeh2 • Mohammad Mirhosseini3 • Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda1,4 Accepted: 20 October 2020 The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor network has special features and many applications, which have attracted attention of many scientists. High energy consumption of these networks, as a drawback, can be reduced by a hierarchical routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Quadrant Cluster based LEACH (Q-LEACH) protocols. To reduce energy consumption and provide a more appropriate coverage, the network was divided into several regions and clusters were formed within each region. In selecting the cluster head (CH) in each round, the amount of residual energy and the distance from the center of each node were calculated by the base station (including the location and residual energy of each node) for all living nodes in each region. In this regard, the node with the largest value had the highest priority to be selected as the CH in each network region. The base station calculates the CH due to the lack of energy constraints and is also responsible for informing it throughout the network, which reduces the load consumption and tasks of nodes in the network. The information transfer steps in this protocol are similar to the LEACH protocol stages. To better evaluate the results, the proposed method was implemented with LEACH LEACH-SWDN, and Q-LEACH protocols using MATLAB software. The results showed better performance of the proposed method in network lifetime, first node death time, and the last node death time. Keywords Wireless sensor network Routing Hierarchical method Energy consumption Cluster head selection Zoning
1 Introduction The wireless sensor network (WSN) contains a number of sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, processing, and transmitting small-scale information. Considering the
& Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda [email protected] 1
Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2
Health Management and Economics Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Computer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
4
Student Research Committee, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
growth of electronic technology, self-organization of the WSNs, as well as the small size and high performance of nodes, WSNs have been used in many technologies, such as environmental monitoring, systems controlling, tracking, and military/security applications. The WSN with its own distinct design has been widely investigated by researchers [1]. These networks collect data and information from the
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