An Energy-Efficient Dual Alternate Cluster Head-Based Routing Mechanism in Wireless Sensor Network
Sensor nodes are deployed over specific critical area for gathering environmental data. These sensor nodes are constrained with low battery energy without any external power supply feasibility, minimal computational ability, and narrow communication bandw
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Abstract Sensor nodes are deployed over specific critical area for gathering environmental data. These sensor nodes are constrained with low battery energy without any external power supply feasibility, minimal computational ability, and narrow communication bandwidth. However, in wireless sensor networks (WSN), the cluster (group)-oriented route mechanisms are applied to decrease extra power usages and hence extend the live period (lifetime) of the network. Here, in this research article, we suggest a routing method, namely energy-efficient dual alternate cluster head-based approach (DACH) where we consider two nodes in a single cluster to perform the cluster head role to balance the data gathering and network transmission load. Again, to access the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we show the analyzed result through simulation and mathematical studies. Keywords Sensor network
Cluster head Hierarchical routing
1 Introduction The microsensors are nowadays inexpensive due to the technological advancement, and hence, it could be deployed over a large area where the periodic maintenance is almost impossible. These sensors are low power and low communication range, so it is very much necessary to deploy the sensors with moderate or high density so that they connect with each other (low connectivity range) to set up and maintain the network infrastructure among themselves [1]. The small and large number of nodes, with limited battery capacity [2], gather the target facts and forward the same
N.K. Kamila (&) Capital One, 802 Delaware Avenue, Wilmington, DE, USA e-mail: [email protected] S. Dhal Sri Sri University, Godi Sahi, Cuttack, Odisha, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 D.K. Mishra et al. (eds.), Information and Communication Technology, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 625, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5508-9_5
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Fig. 1 Typical wireless sensor network environment
Base Station
WSN Regions
Internet
Sensor User
Target
toward the base station (BS) (refer Fig. 1). The BS processes data and directs it to other networks, e.g., Internet for further analysis and study. This article is structured as mentioned here. Section 2 shows the review of the radio models and the related works. We debate our proposed routing approach in Sect. 3. We present mathematical analysis of cluster-based routing protocol and our DACH-based routing approach in Sect. 4. In Sect. 5, the simulation study is presented. And we conclude our work in conclusion section.
2 Existing Related WSN Routing Protocols and Issues There are four major components in the wireless sensor nodes [3], e.g., sensor, processing, communication, and power. To work these components appropriately, there is a power unit which supplies the power to all other units. The radio model in [4] evaluates the power consumed in both sending and receiving a message of k-bits through a d-unit of distance. Below equations provide the sender’s power consumptio
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