An improved method used for evaluating potential environmental pollution risk based on spatial distribution and density
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
An improved method used for evaluating potential environmental pollution risk based on spatial distribution and density of farms Jianghui Wen 1 & Bianyu Zhen 1 & Zhenyu Pu 2 & Xia Peng 2 & Junjun Tan 2 & Zhongbao Shao 2 & Bosheng Bao 2 & Zhiping Ran 2 & Qishuang Gao 2 & Bing Deng 2 Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The livestock manure nitrogen load on farmland (LMNLF) is often used to assess the potential environmental pollution risk of livestock manure nitrogen nutrient (LMN) in a target region. First, the LMNLF of Wuhan city is calculated, and the potential environmental pollution risk of LMN is mainly concentrated in Jiangxia District, Xinzhou District, and Huangpi District, but does not exceed the European Union (EU) standards. Heat map results also certificate this conclusion. Therefore, these three districts are the research emphases. Second, considering spatial distribution of farms, an improved LMNLF method is proposed combining the previous LMNLF and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) methods. Several regions with pollution risks including seven regions in Jiangxia District, one in Xinzhou District, and one in Huangpi District are found out using the improved LMNLF method. Third, to evaluate the carrying capacity of the intensive breeding areas more reasonably, 2 km is taken as the farthest transportation distance of manure; there is still one region in Huangpi District which has serious pollution risk on the environment. These above results can help evaluate the pollution degree of livestock manure to the surrounding environment more precisely. Keywords Livestock manure nitrogen load on farmland . Spatial distribution . DBSCAN . Environmental pollution risk . Carrying capacity
Introduction China has the largest population in the world. To meet the increasing meat product demand of Chinese people, the animal husbandry had increased significantly over the past decades due to economic growth (Zhuang et al. 2019). On one hand, the rapid increase of livestock industry also brought increased environmental pollution, because the livestock fertilizers which contained numerous fertilizer effect elements such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were excreted to the environment (Tamminga 2003; Zhang et al. 2019). On the other Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Bing Deng [email protected] 1
School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
2
Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, People’s Republic of China
hand, chemical fertilizers were often overused in agricultural production in China (Ju et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2019); the use of livestock manure fertilizer could decrease the over use of chemical fertilizers. Using manure to cropland is a useful manner to reduce the environmental pollution risk of livestock manure (Galloway et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2019). In the European Union, 65% o
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