Occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and inhalation-based health risk assessment of
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and inhalation-based health risk assessment of organic/inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran Majid Kermani . Zahra Asadgol . Mitra Gholami . Ahmad Jonidi Jafari . Abbas Shahsavani . Babak Goodarzi . Hossein Arfaeinia
Received: 22 March 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The present study evaluated the concentrations, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and risk assessment of organic/ inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran city. Totally, 180 air samples were taken from 9 sampling stations from March 2018 to March 2019 and were analyzed to determine the concentrations of organic pollutants (BTEX compounds and PM2.5-bound PAHs) plus inorganic pollutants (PM2.5-bound metals and asbestos fibers). The results revealed that the mean Majid Kermani and Zahra Asadgol are considered as joint first authors. M. Kermani Z. Asadgol M. Gholami A. J. Jafari B. Goodarzi (&) Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
P P concentrations of PAHs, BTEX, heavy metals, and asbestos fibers were 5.34 ng/m3, 60.55 lg/m3, 8585.12 ng/m3, and 4.13 fiber/ml in the cold season, respectively, and 3.88 ng/m3, 33.86 lg/m3, 3 5682.61 ng/m , and 3.21 fiber/ml in the warm season, respectively. Source apportionment of emission of the air pollutants showed that PAHs are emitted from diesel vehicles and industrial activities. BTEX and asbestos are also released mainly by vehicles. The results of the inhalation-based risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs, BTEX, and asbestos exceeded the recommended limit by The US environmental protection agency (US EPA) and WHO B. Goodarzi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
M. Kermani Z. Asadgol M. Gholami A. J. Jafari B. Goodarzi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
H. Arfaeinia (&) Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran e-mail: [email protected]
A. Shahsavani Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
H. Arfaeinia Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
A. Shahsavani Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
123
Environ Geochem Health
(1 9 10–4). The risk of carcinogenesis of heavy metal of lead and chromium also exceeded the recommended limit. Thus, proper management strategies are required
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