Analyses of Aristotle
Aristotle thought of his logic and methodology as applications of the Socratic questioning method. In particular, logic was originally a study of answers necessitated by earlier answers. For Aristotle, thought-experiments were real experiments in the sens
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JAAKKO HINTIKKA SELECTED PAPERS VOLUME 6
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Ludwig Wittgenstein. Half-Truths and One-and-a-Half-Truths. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4091-4 Lingua Universalis vs. Calculus Ratiocinator. An Ultimate Presupposition of Twentieth-Century Philosophy. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4246-1 Language, Truth and Logic in Mathematics. 1997 ISBN 0-7923-4766-8 Paradigms for Language Theory and Other Essays. 1997 ISBN 0-7923-4780-3 Inquiry as Inquiry. A Logic of Scientific Discovery. 1999 ISBN 0-7923-5477-X Analyses of Aristotle. 2004 ISBN 1-4020-2040-6
JAAKKO HINTIKKA Boston University, U.S.A.
ANALYSES OF ARISTOTLE
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
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1-4020-2041-4 1-4020-2040-6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Origin of the essays
vii
Introduction
ix
1. On Aristotle’s notion of existence 2. Semantical games, the alleged ambiguity of ‘is’, and Aristotelian categories 3. Aristotle’s theory of thinking and its consequences for his methodology 4. On the role of modality in Aristotle’s metaphysics 5. On the ingredients of an Aristotelian science 6. Aristotelian axiomatics and geometrical axiomatics 7. Aristotelian induction 8. (with Ilpo Halonen) Aristotelian explanations 9. Aristotle’s incontinent logician 10. On the development of Aristotle’s ideas of scientific method and the structure of science 11. What was Aristotle doing in his early logic, anyway?: A reply to Woods and Hansen 12. Concepts of scientific method from Aristotle to Newton 13. The fallacy of fallacies 14. Socratic questioning, logic, and rhetoric
1
v
23 45 77 87 101 111 127 139 153 175 183 193 219
ORIGIN OF THE ESSAYS
All permissions granted for the previously published essays by their respective copyright holders are most gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are also due to the editors of the volumes in which these articles appeared previously and to the co-author of one of the articles. 1. ‘‘On Aristotle’s notion of existence’’, T he Review of Metaphysics vol. 52 (June, 1999), pp. 779–805. Reprinted with permission. 2. ‘‘Semantical games, the alleged ambiguity of ‘is’ and Aristotelian categories’’, Synthese vol. 54 (1983), pp. 443–468 (D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht). 3. ‘‘Aristotle’s theory of thinking and its consequences for his methodology’’, previously unpublished. 4. ‘‘On the role of modality in Aristotle’s metaphysics’’, in Of Scholars, Savants and T heir T exts, ed. by Ruth Link-Salinger, Peter Lang Publishing, New York (1989), pp. 123–134. Reprinted with permission. 5. ‘‘On the ingredients of an Aristotelian science’’, Nouˆs vol. 6 (1
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