Sense and Contradiction: A Study in Aristotle
This study began as a paper. It got out of hand. It had help doing that. Oswaldo Chateaubriand, Ronald Haver, Paul Horwich, Bernie Katz, Norman Kretzmann, Stanley Martens, Stephen Pink, Michael Stokes, Eleanor Stump, Bill Ulrich, Celia Wolf, and a lot of
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SYNTHESE HISTORICAL LIBRARY TEXTS AND STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY
Editors: N. KRETZMANN,
G.
NUCHELMANS,
L. M.
DE RUK,
Cornell University University of Leyden
University of Leyden
Editorial Board:
J.
BERG,
F.
DEL PUNT A,
D. P.
Munich Institute of Technology
HENR Y,
J.
Linacre College, Oxford
University of Manchester HINTIKKA
B. MATES, University of California, Berkeley
J. E. G.
MURDOCH,
PATZIG,
Harvard University
University of Gottingen
VOLUME 14
R. M. DANCY
SENSE AND CONTRADICTION: A STUDY IN ARISTOTLE
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT: HOLLAND / BOSTON: U .S.A. LONDON: ENGLAND
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Dancy, R. M. Sense and contradiction: a study in Aristotle. (Synthese historical library ; v. 14). Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Aristoteles-Logic. 2. Essence (Philosophy) 3. Substance (Philosophy) 4. Contradiction. I. Title. II. Series. B491.L8D36 160 75-2148
ISBN-13: 978-90-277-1189-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-9770-3 DOT: 10.100/978-94-010-9770-3
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Boston Inc., Lincoln Building, 160 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland. D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Group.
0-1189-0580-490
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1975 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner
A logical theory may be tested by its capacity for dealing with puzzles, and it is a wholesome plan, in thinking about logic, to stock the mind with as many puzzles as possible, since these serve much the same purpose as is served by experiments in physical science. Bertrand Russell, 'On Denoting' (1905), in Logic and Knowledge: Essays 1901-1950 (ed. by R. C. Marsh), George Allen & Unwin Ltd., London 1956, p. 47.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
~
INTRODUCTION
XI
CHAPTER 1/ ARISTOTLE'S PROGRAM
1
I. The Unprovability of the Law of Non-Contradiction A. The First Consideration: the Cognitive Priority of the Law B. The Second Consideration: the Logical Priority of the Law II. Arguing 'by Way of Refutation'
7 14
CHAPTER II / THE FIRST REFUTATION: GENERAL STRUCTURE
28
I. II. III. IV. V.
The Plot of the Argument On the General Strategy Where Antiphasis Might Balk Where Antiphasis Does Balk: Two Sub-Plots Summary
1 3
29 34 38 43 54
CHAPTER III/ON ANTIPHASIS' CHARACTER AND UPBRINGING
59
I. Antiphasis' Thesis II. Some Sophistry
59 63
CHAPTER IV / THE FIRST REFUTATION: THE TREATMENT
I. II. III. IV.
OF ANTIPHASIS
74
On Contradiction Uttering and Signifying Signifying and Defining Conclusion
75
79 8
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