Analysis of Bird Impact on a Composite Tailplane Leading Edge
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Analysis of Bird Impact on a Composite Tailplane Leading Edge M. Guida & F. Marulo & M. Meo & M. Riccio
Received: 1 September 2008 / Accepted: 20 October 2008 / Published online: 13 November 2008 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008
Abstract One of the main structural requirements of a leading edge of a tailplane is to ensure that any significant damage caused by foreign object (i.e. birdstrike, etc...) would still allow the aircraft to land safely. In particular, leading edge must be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance. Since the experimental tests are expensive and difficult to perform, numerical simulations can provide significant help in designing highefficiency bird-proof structures. The aim of this research paper was to evaluate two different leading edge designs by reducing the testing costs by employing state-of-the-art numerical simulations. The material considered was a sandwich structure made up of aluminium skins and flexcore as core. Before each test was carried out, pre-test numerical analyses of birdstrike were performed adopting a lagrangian approach on a tailplane leading edge of a large scale aircraft using the MSC/Dytran solver code. The numerical and experimental correlation have shown good results both in terms of global behaviour of the test article and local evolution of some measurable parameters confirming the validity of the approach and possible guidelines for structural design including the bird impact requirements. Keywords Birdstrike . Finite element analysis . Aircraft tailplane leading edge
1 Introduction Collisions between a bird and an aircraft, known as bird-strike events, are very common and dangerous. The external surfaces of an aircraft which include the nacelles, canopies, M. Guida : F. Marulo DIAS—Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Naples “Federico “II”, Naples, Italy M. Meo (*) Material Research Centre, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Bath, Bath, UK e-mail: [email protected] M. Riccio Alenia Aeronautica, Viale dell’Aeronautica, Pomigliano d’Arco, Naples, Italy
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Appl Compos Mater (2008) 15:241–257
windshield, leading edge, engines, etc... are susceptible to bird strikes. For the 15-year period (1990–2004), 59.196 strikes with civil aircraft were reported to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and entered into the National Wildlife Strike Database. Since 1988, wildlife strikes have killed more than 194 people and destroyed over 163 aircraft. For this reason the aircraft certification process includes laboratory bird strike testing of aircraft structures, with the primary criterion for success or failure being damage of the front spar (which could lead to fuel leakage with disastrous consequences). The leading edge of an aircraft tailplane must satisfy aerodynamic design requirements, but it has to fulfil the structural requirement of protecting the front spar in the event of a bird strike. To obtain certification from the FAA, an aircraft must be able to land after an impact with a 8 lb bird at leadin
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