Analysis of nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes in haemolymph microbes of marine crabs
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Analysis of nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes in haemolymph microbes of marine crabs Akhitha Mary Benny1 · Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar2 · Reshma Kalarical Janardhanan2 · Anusree Velappan Nair2 · Neethu Bindu Raj1 · Amala Panaparambil Vakkachan2 · Ratheesh Kumar Raveendran3 · Soni Kallamparambil Balakrishnan1 · Sanil Nandiath Karayi2 Received: 12 March 2020 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) are multi-domain enzymes that have innumerably beneficial health applications. Realizing the significance of marine microorganisms in search for NRPS sequences, study was conducted for analysis of NRPS gene sequences of marine crab haemolymph bacteria for the first time. Strains belonging to five different species were found to have NRPS genes. The study generated NRPS sequences from four bacterial species, for which NRPS gene information was not available earlier. Two new putative adenylation domain signatures were identified from phylum Firmicutes. In silico analysis of amino acid sequences from four species showed less identity (42–50%) to the characterized NRPS compounds that integrate serine residue in active site, suggesting the novelty or uncharacterized nature. Altogether, the study warrants future research exploiting marine crab haemolymph bacteria, an unexplored niche of microbial genetic wealth to discover microbial novel NRPS genes and natural products using emerging tools and technologies. Keywords NRPS · In silico analysis · Firmicutes · Marine crab haemolymph · Adenylation domain
Introduction Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multidomain mega-enzymes which are involved in the synthesis of a group of peptides namely nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) without relying on ribosomal machinery and messenger RNAs of cells (Evans et al. 2011). NRPs constitute Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02101-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sumithra Thangalazhy Gopakumar [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, India
2
Present Address: Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi 682 018, India
3
Crustacean Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O., Kochi 682 018, India
an important class of bio-actives that are spread across three domains of life, with wide distribution in bacteria, followed by Eukarya and Archaea (Martinez-Nunez and Lopez 2016). They are widely used as antibiotics, anticancer agents, siderophores, surfactants, anti-inflammatory agents, cytotoxins, antifouling agents and immune-suppressants with innumerably beneficial medical and industrial applications (Soltani 2016). Each module in
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