Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters for streams under agricultural, urban and forest land-use types: in
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters for streams under agricultural, urban and forest land‑use types: in the case of gilgel Gibe catchment, Southwest Ethiopia Berhanu Zawude Bakure1 · Samuel Fikadu2 · Asgdom Malu2 Received: 30 October 2018 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 / Published online: 3 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Streams draining to Gilgel Gibe catchment cross agricultural and urban land uses receiving a different pollutant that challenges water quality. A total of 21 sampling sites were selected from seven streams of agricultural (n = 3), urban (n = 3) and forest (n = 1) land-use types. Composite samples were collected from upstream, middle and downstream of all land-use types. Twenty-three physicochemical parameters were measured from each sampling site. Temperature, DO, pH, EC, turbidity, width, depth, current velocity and discharge were measured onsite. Two milliliters of unfiltered water samples was collected from every site for laboratory analysis. Mean of NO3-N was highest in agricultural streams than forested and urban streams. In contrast, mean of SRP, NH4-N and COD and BOD5 concentration was greater in urban streams followed by agricultural streams, whereas forest streams are lowest. Concentrations of nutrients, EC and turbidity were recorded in increasing manner across land-use gradient from forested to agricultural and urban streams. The analysis of one-way ANOVA showed that all physicochemical parameters were significantly different among all sites with different land-use types (P
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