Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using P
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates from chickens and chicken meat products in Malaysia using PFGE, and MLST Zunita Zakaria1,2* , Latiffah Hassan2,3, Zawiyah Sharif4, Norazah Ahmad5, Rohaya Mohd Ali6, Suraya Amir Husin5, Nor Hazrin binti Abd Hazis5, Nor Fitriah Mohamed Sohaimi2, Shafini Abu Bakar4 and Bashiru Garba1,7
Abstract Background: Salmonella is a very important foodborne pathogen causing illness in humans. The emergence of drug-resistant strains also constitutes a serious worry to global health and livestock productivity. This study investigated Salmonella isolates from chicken and chicken meat products using the phenotypic antimicrobial screening as well as the molecular characteristics of Salmonella isolates. Upon serotyping of the isolates, the antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using a panel of 9 commonly used antimicrobials was done. Subsequently, the molecular profiles of all the isolates were further determined using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and the Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis in order to obtain the sequence types. Results: The PFGE data was input into FPQuest software, and the dendrogram generated was studied for possible genetic relatedness among the isolates. All the isolates were found to belong to the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype with notable resistance to tetracycline, gentamycin, streptomycin, and sulfadimidine. The S. Enteritidis isolates tested predominantly subtyped into the ST11 and ST1925, which was found to be a single cell variant of ST11. The STs were found to occur in chicken meats, foods, and live chicken cloacal swabs, which may indicate the persistence of the bacteria in multiple foci. Conclusion: The data demonstrate the presence of S. Enteritidis among chickens, indicating its preference and reservoir status for enteric Salmonella pathogens. Keywords: Salmonella Enteritidis, Chicken meat products, Pulse field gel electrophoresis, Multi-locus sequence typing, Whole-genome sequencing, Antimicrobial resistance
* Correspondence: [email protected] The work was carried out at the Bacteriology Laboratory 1 Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If m
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