Highly clonal relationship among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates in a commercial chicken production chain, Brazil
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FOOD MICROBIOLOGY - RESEARCH PAPER
Highly clonal relationship among Salmonella Enteritidis isolates in a commercial chicken production chain, Brazil Daniel F. M. Monte 1
&
Cristiano Andrigheto 1 & Vinicius B. Ribeiro 1 & Mariza Landgraf 1 & Maria Teresa Destro 1
Received: 19 March 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract In this study, we described the comparison among pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ribotyping, and PCR-ribotyping methods for subtyping Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from an industrial chicken production chain. One hundred and eight S. Enteritidis were isolated at all stages of poultry meat processing plant. These isolates were pheno- and genotypically characterized by using antimicrobial susceptibility test, phage typing, RAPD, PFGE, ribotyping, and PCR-ribotyping. The highest antibiotic resistance rates were observed for enrofloxacin (18.5%) followed by furazolidone (15.7%), cefoxitin (1.8%), ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin with 0.9% each one, while seven isolates (6.4%) were pan-susceptible. Most strains belonged to the globally disseminated phage type PT4 (n = 74; 69.2%). Additionally, we identified strains belonging to phage types PT1 (n = 19; 17.8%) and PT7a (n = 14; 13.1%). Moreover, our results showed that these four molecular methods indicate similar results showing high similarity (≥ 90%) among S. Enteritidis strains, suggesting that these isolates appear to be from a common ancestor being spread at all stages of the poultry production chain. In summary, the combined molecular approaches of these methods remain a suitable alternative to efficiently subtyping S. Enteritidis in the absence of high-resolution genotyping methods and these results may serve as a baseline study for development of mitigation strategies. Keywords PFGE . Phage typing . Poultry . RAPD . Ribotyping . Salmonella Enteritidis
Introduction Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) is the most important foodborne pathogen worldwide causing diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, fever, and abdominal pain [1]. Among these NTS, Salmonella Enteritidis has been associated with poultry products, which are considered major reservoirs of many nonhost-specific serovars of Salmonella, and often, human infections are attributed to the consumption of these products, Daniel F. M. Monte and Cristiano Andrigheto contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Luis Augusto Nero. * Daniel F. M. Monte [email protected] * Maria Teresa Destro [email protected] 1
Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
including eggs and chicken meat [2]. S. Enteritidis is the most prevalent serotype distributed in several countries from Latin America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, and poultry products still play a key role in the spread of this serovar to humans [3]. From an epidemiological perspective, several reports have documented a limited num
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