Analysis of the small chromosomal Prionium serratum (Cyperid) demonstrates the importance of reliable methods to differe
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Analysis of the small chromosomal Prionium serratum (Cyperid) demonstrates the importance of reliable methods to differentiate between mono- and holocentricity M. Baez 1,2 & Y. T. Kuo 1 & Y. Dias 1,2 & T. Souza 1,3 & A. Boudichevskaia 1,4 & J. Fuchs 1 & V. Schubert 1 & A. L. L. Vanzela 3 & A. Pedrosa-Harand 2 & A. Houben 1 Received: 13 July 2020 / Revised: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract For a long time, the Cyperid clade (Thurniceae-Juncaceae-Cyperaceae) was considered a group of species possessing holocentromeres exclusively. The basal phylogenetic position of Prionium serratum (Thunb.) Drège (Thurniceae) within Cyperids makes this species an important specimen to understand the centromere evolution within this clade. In contrast to the expectation, the chromosomal distribution of the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3), alpha-tubulin and different centromere-associated post-translational histone modifications (H3S10ph, H3S28ph and H2AT120ph) demonstrate a monocentromeric organisation of P. serratum chromosomes. Analysis of the high-copy repeat composition resulted in the identification of two centromere-localised satellite repeats. Hence, monocentricity was the ancestral condition for the Juncaceae-Cyperaceae-Thurniaceae Cyperid clade, and holocentricity in this clade has independently arisen at least twice after differentiation of the three families, once in Juncaceae and the other one in Cyperaceae. In this context, methods suitable for the identification of holocentromeres are discussed. Keywords CENH3/CENPA . Centromere type . Holocentric chromosome . Evolution . Cyperids . Thurniceae
Introduction Centromeres are essential for the segregation of chromosomes to the daughter cells during mitosis and meiosis. Most organisms contain one single size–restricted centromere per M. Baez and Y. T. Kuo share first authorship. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-02000745-6. * A. Houben [email protected] 1
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, 06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
2
Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Diversity, Department of General Biology, Center for Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
4
KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, 37574 Einbeck, Germany
chromosome (monocentromere) visible as a primary constriction during metaphase. However, in independent eukaryotic taxa, species with chromosomes without distinct primary constrictions visible at metaphase exist, which are referred to as holocentric. Instead, the spindle fibres attach along almost the entire poleward surface of the chromatids (reviewed in Schubert et al. (2020)). Holocentricity evolved at least 19 times independently in various green algae, protozoans, invertebrates, and differen
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