Chromosomal structural analysis in carcinoma of the gallbladder
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RESEARCH
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
Open Access
Chromosomal structural analysis in carcinoma of the gallbladder Ruhi Dixit1, Prabhat Kumar1, Ratnakar Tripathi2, Somprakash Basu1, Rajnikanth Mishra2 and VK Shukla1*
Abstract Background: The etiopathogenesis of gallbladder cancer is still unknown. Both environmental and patient factors have been incriminated in its cause. That it is found in pockets of epidemiological distribution raises an issue of genetic changes associated with it. The aim of this study was to find out the chromosomal changes in gallbladder cancer. Methods: Lymphocyte cell culture was carried out on blood of gallbladder cancer patients to determine chromosomal banding abnormalities. Native PAGE was also evaluated to analyze lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activity from the same blood of gallbladder cancer patients. Results: Out of 30 gallbladder cancer patients, 4 male showed breakage on the long arm of chromosome 1 while only one male patient showed the translocation from the long arm of chromosome 4 to the long arm of chromosome 6 in a male patient. Conclusion: The aberrations found in our study may suggest underlying genetic predisposition for the development of gallbladder cancer. They can act as a marker for gallbladder cancer, which needs further study. Keywords: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Carcinoma of the gallbladder
Background Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and represents 2% of all cancers. It is the third most common gastrointestinal malignancy in northern India [1]. Although a lethal disease and known for decades, its exact etiopathogenesis still eludes physicians. Its cause is thought to be multifactorial with involvement of both environmental and patient factors, such as chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, choledochal cysts, female gender, age and exposure to carcinogens; but a definite cause-effect relationship is yet to be established [2]. That it is found in pockets of epidemiological distribution raises an issue of genetic or chromosomal factors associated with it. The exact sequence of the molecular changes that lead to neoplastic transformation in the gallbladder epithelium remains uncertain. There is limited information available about the molecular abnormalities involved in its pathogenesis. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of General Surgery Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
However, few reports described a genetic model for carcinogenesis during the development and progression of gallbladder cancer [3]. Previous studies have identified the presence of regions of frequent allele loss, involving loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the chromosomes of gallbladder cancer patients [3], especially in the 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q chromosomal regions [4]. Multiple pathways control the accurate duplication and
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