Analyzing the determinants of carbon emissions from transportation in European countries: the role of renewable energy a
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Analyzing the determinants of carbon emissions from transportation in European countries: the role of renewable energy and urbanization Azka Amin1 · Buket Altinoz2 · Eyup Dogan3 Received: 28 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The continuous growth of transport sector and the increase in carbon emissions from transportation attract the attention of policy makers in sustainable transportation. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the determinants of pollution from transportation. The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of economic growth, renewable energy consumption and urbanization on CO2 emissions from transport sector in an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework for European countries. To end this, second-generation panel long-run estimates and non-causality test are applied on the dataset from 1980–2014. Empirical pieces of evidence show that increases in renewable energy consumption mitigate carbon emissions from transportation, while urbanization has statistically insignificant positive impact on pollution. An increase in renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 from transportation by about 12 percent. The EKC hypothesis is validated. Moreover, unidirectional causality runs from renewable energy, economic growth and urbanization to emissions in transport sector. The findings of this study suggest strengthening the sustainable transportation system by promoting eco-friendly and energyefficient modes of transportation and increase the environmental awareness of urban population and their overall concerns related to environmental issues caused by transportation. This study provides concrete evidence to the policy makers of European countries for especially sector-based renewable energy projects, drawing attention to the greenhouse gas impact of European transportation sector.
* Eyup Dogan [email protected] Azka Amin [email protected] Buket Altinoz [email protected] 1
Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2
Vocational School, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Economics, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
A. Amin et al.
Graphic abstract Renewable energy is important to migate carbon emissions from transportaon..
Europe countries are studied.
Renewable Energy
Emissions from Transportaon
Economic Growth
Urbanizaon
Urbanizaon increases environmental degradaon of transport sector.
EKC hypothesis is valid for Europe.
Keywords Sustainable transportation · CO2 emissions · Renewable energy
Introduction The transport sector plays a fundamental role in a globalized economy as it enables goods to be traded (GarciaLopez et al. 2015), mobility for people (Berg and Ihlström 2019), social and economic development (Krautzberger and Wetzel 2012; Danish et al. 2018) and is one of the reasons of suburbanization among cities (Garcia-Lopez et al. 2015; García-Olivares et al. 2018). Despite a great contributor to ec
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