The nexus between tourism, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions: contemporary evi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The nexus between tourism, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions: contemporary evidence from OECD countries Tarik Dogru 1 & Umit Bulut 2
&
Emrah Kocak 3 & Cem Isik 4 & Courtney Suess 5 & Ercan Sirakaya-Turk 6
Received: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The relationship between tourism development, economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions has been examined in a variety of contexts; however, the extant studies report contradictory findings mainly due to utilizing arbitrary empirical techniques. We present a comprehensive literature review and the effects of tourism development, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption on the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Specifically, the effects of gross domestic product, renewable energy consumption, and tourism receipts on carbon dioxide emissions in OECD countries are examined utilizing the bootstrap panel cointegration technique and the augmented mean group estimator. The results showed that tourism development has negative and significant effects on CO2 emission in Canada, Czechia, and Turkey, while tourism development has positive and significant effects on CO2 emission in Italy, Luxembourg, and the Slovak Republic. Also, Belgium, France, New Zealand, and the Slovak Republic have shifted towards sustainable tourism practices. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Keywords Tourism development . Renewable energy . Economic growth . Environmental pollution . Bootstrap panel cointegration
Introduction The tourism industry is considered to be an engine for economic growth for local and global economies (Danish and Wang 2018; Dogru and Bulut 2018; Paramati et al. 2017a). Hence, increasing visitor arrivals has been in the central focus
of economic plans for local and central governments in destinations across the world. The tourism industry’s numerous economic benefits include but are not limited to creating direct and indirect employment, increasing real per capita income, boosting tax revenues, and improving the balance of trade through international tourism. In fact, the tourism industry
Responsible Editor: Nicholas Apergis * Umit Bulut [email protected]
1
Florida State University, Dedman School of Hospitality, Tallahassee, FL, USA
2
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey
3
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
4
Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Kampüsü Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Turkey
5
Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
6
University of South Carolina, College of Hospitality, Retail & Sport Management, Columbia, SC, USA
Tarik Dogru [email protected] Emrah Kocak [email protected] Cem Isik [email protected] Courtney Suess [email protected] Ercan Sirakaya-Turk erca
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