ANFIS-Based MPPT Controller of the Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System for DC Micro-grid Applications
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ANFIS-Based MPPT Controller of the Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting System for DC Micro-grid Applications Rakesh Thankakan1 · Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar1 Received: 21 December 2019 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract The power-current characteristics of a thermoelectric generator are nonlinear, which relies on the hot and cold side temperature difference. It is, therefore, vital that the thermoelectric modules (TEMs) are made to work at maximum power point (MPP). For continuous tracking of the MPP, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques may be used. In this research work, for thermoelectric energy harvesting systems (TEEHSs), an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based MPPT controller is proposed to optimize the output power from the TEM array. The TEMs are connected in series–parallel configuration and that are placed near to the stator windings (SWs) of the wind generator (WG) for generating electrical energy from waste heat energy. The TEM array with ANFIS-based MPPT controller is compared to the fuzzy logic (FL)based MPPT controller under a uniform wind velocity (UWV) and non-uniform wind velocity (NUWV) condition. From the obtained results, it is observed that the MPPT controller based on ANFIS tracks the maximum power extremely faster than the FL controller. The time taken by the ANFIS controller to reach the MPP is decreased by 0.15 s compared to the FL MPPT controller. The average maximum power obtained from ANFIS-based MPPT controller is 109 W and 119 W higher than the FL-based MPPT controller under UWV and NUWV conditions, respectively. In comparison, the tracking accuracy of the ANFIS-based MPPT controller is higher than the FL-based MPPT controller with an average relative error of 1.696% and 1.171% under both conditions. Keywords Fuzzy · ANFIS · MPPT · Energy harvesting · Thermoelectric generator · DC-DC boost converter
1 Introduction The rapidly rising population, financial growth, technological improvements, and enhanced living standards may cause a considerable demand for electrical energy worldwide. The traditional power generation using natural gases, coal, and oil is significant sources of electricity. But, these sources are producing a considerable quantity of greenhouse gases that gradually put in danger to animals and human beings on the globe and deteriorate the surroundings [1–3]. Renewable sources of energy, including wind, solar, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biomass, have played a crucial role in meet-
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Edward Rajan Samuel Nadar [email protected] Rakesh Thankakan [email protected]
1
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College (Autonomous), Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, India
ing energy demand. Nevertheless, greenhouse gas emissions cannot be avoided throughout the manufacturing process of renewable sources. It may lead to searching for alternative power generation systems. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is one such device
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