Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries
Despite numerous recent studies and exciting discoveries in the field, only limited treatment is available today for the victims of acute neurological injuries. Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries provides a standardized methodolo
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Animal Models of Acute Neurological Injuries Edited by
Jun Chen, M.D. University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburg, PA, USA
Xiao-Ming Xu, M.D., Ph.D. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
Zao C. Xu, M.D., Ph.D. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
John H. Zhang, M.D., Ph.D. Loma Linda School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
Editor Jun Chen, M.D. Department of Neurology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Zao C. Xu, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
Xiao-Ming Xu, M.D., Ph.D. Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA John H. Zhang, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Department of Neurosurgery Department of Anesthesiology Loma Linda University Medical School Loma Linda, CA, USA
ISBN: 978-1-60327-184-4 e-ISBN: 978-1-60327-185-1 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-185-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008935542 © 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, 999 Riverview Drive, Suite 208, Totowa, NJ 07512 USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Foreword
The past 30 years have witnessed an explosion in our understanding of the central nervous system structure and function in both health and disease. This explosion and the excitement it generates have led to a flurry of activity in translational biomedical efforts, with many clinicians and scientists utilizing animal models to dissect important features of specific CNS disease and/or injury processes, not only to better identify potential preclinical therapeutic targets, but also to screen newly-developed therapies as a prelude to their testing in well-controlled human studies. Despite this explosive progress and the launching of numerous large-scale, Phase III human clinical trials, the overall success of these clinical efforts has not been positive. This has been particularly so for those clinical studies targeting acute aspects of CNS injury, including ischemia, subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. While the failure of these clinical/translational studies has been linked to multiple patient management, center varia
